trivalent immunogenic and vaccine compositions and their use for immunization against mycoplasma hyo

专利摘要:
COMBINED PCV/MYCOPLASMA HYOPNEUMONIAE/PRRS VACCINE. The present invention provides a trivalent immunogenic composition including a soluble portion of a total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo); a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen; and a PRRS virus antigen, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of both (i) IgG and (ii) immune complexes comprised of immunoglobulin-bound antigen.
公开号:BR112014024775B1
申请号:R112014024775-7
申请日:2013-04-03
公开日:2021-06-08
发明作者:Jeffrey E. Galvin；Gregory P. Nitzel；John Keith Garrett；James R. Kulawik Ii；Tracy L. Ricker；Megan Marie Smutzer
申请人:Zoetis Services Llc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

field of invention
[001] The present invention relates to a porcine circovirus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae or M. hyo), and to the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS). More particularly, the present invention relates to a trivalent immunogenic composition including a soluble portion of a whole cell preparation from M. hyo, a PCV2 antigen, and a PRRS virus antigen and their use in a vaccine for the protection of pigs against at least enzootic pneumonia and Postweaning Multisystemic Cachexia Syndrome (PMWS). Background of the invention
[002] Enzootic pneumonia in swine, also called mycoplasmal pneumonia, is caused by M. hyo. The disease is a chronic, non-fatal disease that affects pigs of all ages. Infected pigs show only mild symptoms of coughing and fever, but the disease has a significant economic impact due to reduced feeding efficiency and reduced weight gain. Enzootic pneumonia is transmitted from pig to pig through the nasal passages by airborne organisms expelled from the lungs of infected pigs. Primary infection with M. hyo may be followed by secondary infection with other mycoplasma species (Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma flocculare) as well as other bacterial pathogens.
[003] M. hyo is a small prokaryotic microbe capable of a free existence, although it is found in association with eukaryotic cells due to the fact that it has absolute requirements for exogenous sterols and fatty acids. Said needs in general necessitate development in serum containing medium. M. hyo is bound by a cell membrane, but not the cell wall.
[004] The physical association of mycoplasmas with the host cell surface is the basis for the development and persistence of enzootic pneumonia. M. hyo infects the respiratory tract of pigs, colonizing the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Mycoplasma produces a ciliostatic factor that causes the cilia that line the respiratory passages to stop moving. Eventually, the cilia degenerate, leaving the pig prone to infection by secondary pathogens. Characteristic lesions of patches of consolidation from purple to gray are seen in infected animals. Research with slaughtered animals revealed lesions in 30 to 80% of the pigs. Results from 37 herds in 13 states indicated that 99% of the herds had pigs with pneumonia lesions typical of enzootic pneumonia. Therefore, the need for effective preventive measures and treatment is great.
[005] Antibiotics such as tiamulin, trimethoprim, tetracyclines and lincomycin have some benefit, but are uneconomical and require prolonged use. Additionally, antibiotics have not been shown to effectively eliminate dissemination or reinfection of M. hyo. Prevention by keeping herds free of pathogens is sometimes possible, but reintroduction of M. hyo often occurs. Due to the serious economic consequences of pneumonia in pigs, vaccines against M. hyo have been researched. Vaccines containing preparations of mycoplasmal organisms grown in serum-containing medium have been commercialized, but concerns arise regarding adverse reactions induced by serum components (such as immune complexes or specific non-immunogenic proteins) present in the immunizing material. Other attempts to provide vaccines for M. hyo have been successful, but the disease remains widespread.
[006] M. hyo and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are the two most prevalent pathogens that are found in the swine industry. Pigs infected with PCV2 exhibit a syndrome commonly referred to as Postweaning Multisystemic Cachexia Syndrome (PMWS). PMWS is clinically characterized by leakage, skin pallor, unthriftiness, respiratory distress, diarrhea, jaundice, and jaundice. In addition to PMWS, PCV2 has been associated with several other infections including pseudorabies, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), Glasser's disease, streptococcal meningitis, salmonellosis, post-weaning colibacillosis, dietary hepatosis, and suppurative bronchopneumonia. M. hyo is associated with enzootic pneumonia and is also implicated as a major cofactor in the development of Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD).
[007] Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by an arterivirus, which has a particular affinity for macrophages particularly those found in the lung (alveolar macrophages). These macrophages ingest and remove invading bacteria and viruses, but not in the case of PRRS virus (PRRSV). In the case of PRRS virus, it multiplies inside macrophages producing more virus and kills macrophages. Once PRRSV has entered a herd, it tends to remain present and active indefinitely. Up to 40% of macrophages are destroyed, which allows bacteria and other viruses to proliferate and do damage. A common example of this is the remarkable increase in the severity of enzootic pneumonia in growth/slaughter units when pigs become infected with PRRSV. More than half of PRRS virus-negative pigs of weaning age become infected before going to the market.
[008] What is needed is a trivalent vaccine for PCV2/M. hyo/PRRS against PCV2 infection, mycoplasma, and PRRSV in swine. It would be highly desirable to provide a single dose of trivalent vaccine. Preferably the PCV2/M. hyo vaccine would be provided as a ready-to-use liquid composition in a vial that can be easily combined with the PRRSV component so that all antigens can be administered to the pig simultaneously. Invention Summary
[009] The present invention provides a trivalent immunogenic composition including a soluble portion of a total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo); a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen; and a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS2) antigen, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of both (i) IgG and (ii) immune complexes comprised of immunoglobulin-bound antigen . In one aspect, the soluble portion of the whole cellular M. hyo preparation was treated with protein-A or protein-G before being added to the immunogenic composition. In a further aspect, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation and the PCV2 antigen are in the form of a ready-to-use liquid composition.
[0010] In one embodiment, the PRRS virus antigen is a genetically modified live virus. In another embodiment, the genetically modified live PRRS virus is in the form of a lyophilized composition.
In one embodiment, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation includes at least one M. hyo protein antigen. In another embodiment, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation includes two or more M. hyo protein antigens.
[0012] In one embodiment, the PCV2 antigen is in the form of a chimeric type 1 - type 2 circovirus, the chimeric virus including an inactivated recombinant swine type 1 circovirus that expresses the ORF2 protein of the type 2 swine circovirus. in another embodiment, the PCV2 antigen is in the form of a recombinant ORF2 protein. In yet another embodiment, the recombinant ORF2 protein is expressed from a baculovirus vector.
[0013] In some embodiments, the trivalent composition of the present invention elicits a protective immune response against M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS. In other embodiments, the immunogenic composition of the present invention additionally includes at least one additional antigen. In one embodiment, the at least one additional antigen is protective against a microorganism that can cause disease in pigs.
[0014] In one embodiment, the microorganism includes bacteria, viruses or protozoa. In another embodiment, the microorganism is selected from, but not limited to, the following: porcine parvovirus (PPV), Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcum suis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Actinobacilllus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, choleraesuis, Salmonella enteritidis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycoplama hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, leptospira bacterium, Lawsonia intracellularis, swine influenza virus (SIV), Escherichia hypore- nia antigen, respiratory hyore- pidemia, Escherichia coli- senteria, respiratory hyo- senteria, and Brainspira coliodyia virus swine (PED), rotavirus, Torque teno virus (TTV), swine cytomegalovirus, swine enterovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, the pathogen causing Aujesky's Disease, classical swine fever (CSF) and the pathogen causing Gastroenteritis Porcine Transmissible, or combinations thereof.
[0015] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention additionally includes an adjuvant. In one embodiment, the adjuvant is selected from, but not limited to, the following: an oil-in-water adjuvant, a polymer and a water adjuvant, a water-in-oil adjuvant, a hydroxide adjuvant. aluminum, a vitamin E adjuvant and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the composition of the present invention additionally includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In certain embodiments, the composition of the present invention elicits a protective immune response against M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS when administered as a single dose administration.
The present invention also provides a method of immunizing a pig against M. hyo, PCV2 and PRRS viruses. Said method includes administering to the pig a trivalent immunogenic composition including a soluble portion of the total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo); a swine circus virus type 2 (PCV2) antigen; and a PRRS virus antigen, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of both (i) IgG and (ii) immune complexes comprised of immunoglobulin-bound antigen.
[0018] In one embodiment of the method of the present invention, the trivalent composition is administered intramuscularly, intradermally, transdermally, or subcutaneously. In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the trivalent composition is administered in a single dose.
[0019] In a further embodiment, the composition is administered to pigs having mother-derived antibodies against at least one of M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS. In yet another further embodiment, the composition is administered to pigs having maternal-derived antibodies against M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS.
In one embodiment, the composition is administered to Pigs 3 weeks of age or older.
[0021] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an immunogenic composition according to the present invention. Said method includes i) cultivating M. hyo in a suitable medium for periods ranging from 18-144 hours; ii) subsequently inactivating the M. hyo culture; iii) collecting the inactivated culture fluid, wherein the inactivated culture fluid comprises a whole cell preparation of M. hyo comprising not only a soluble liquid fraction but also insoluble cellular material; iv) separating the soluble liquid fraction from the insoluble cellular material; v) substantially removing not only the IgG but also the antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes from the separated soluble liquid fraction to form a soluble portion of the whole cellular M. hyo preparation; and vi) subsequently combining the soluble portion of the whole cellular M. hyo preparation with a PCV2 antigen and a PRRS virus antigen. In one embodiment, step vi) includes combining a ready-to-use liquid composition comprising both the PCV2 antigen and the soluble portion of M. hyo with a lyophilized PRRS virus antigen.
In one embodiment, a kit according to the present invention includes a first vial (or other suitable receptacle) comprising the composition including both a PCV2 antigen and the soluble portion of the total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of both (i) IgG and (ii) immune antigen/immunoglobulin complexes; and a second vial comprising PRRS virus antigen. In one embodiment, the composition in the first bottle is provided as a ready-to-use liquid composition. In a further embodiment, the PRRS virus antigen component of the kit is in the form of a lyophilized composition. In another embodiment, the kit includes an instruction manual with directions for matching the contents from the first vial with the contents from the second vial. In yet another embodiment, the instruction manual further includes directions for administering the combined contents of the first and second vials to a pig. Brief Description of Drawings
[0023] Figure 1 is a graph showing the efficacy of monovalent M. hyo vaccines prepared with M. hyo antigens from different treatments (T02-T10 described in Example 3) vs. a placebo (T01). Results are presented as % Least squares mean values of lung injury.
[0024] Figure 2 is a graph showing the results of PCV2 antigen potency (PCV2 antigen ELISA) of M. hyo vaccines in combination with chimeric virus type 1 - type 2 killed PCV. Chimeric virus was included in the compositions at an initial level of about 1.6 < RP. The state of each sample is expressed as relative potency (RP).
Figure 3 is a graph showing PCV2 viremia (PCV2 Quantitative PCR) results observed with PCV/M vaccine formulations. hyo that employ different adjuvant platforms.
Figure 4 is a graph showing the serological results of ELISA with antibody to PCV2 (S/P) observed with PCV/M vaccine formulations. hyo that employ different adjuvant platforms on days 1, 20, and 42 of the challenge.
[0027] Figure 5 is a graph showing the fecal discharge of PCV2 obtained with treatments T02-T04 described in Example 7 vs. a placebo (T01). Results are expressed as PCV2/ml DNA copies.
[0028] Figure 6 is a graph showing PCV2 nasal discharge obtained with treatments T02-T04 described in Example 7 vs. the placebo (T01). Results are expressed as PCV2/ml DNA copies.
[0029] Figure 7 (A & B) are graphs showing the results of an interferon-gamma (IFN-Y) test that measures PCV2-specific cellular mediated immune responses. The post-vaccination/pre-challenge results are shown in Figure 7A, and the post-vaccination/post-challenge results are shown in Figure 7B. The stimulation of 5 x 106 cells was considered significant.
Figure 8 illustrates the M. hyo efficacy of PCV2/M experimental vaccine formulations. hyo in oil SP. Lung scores for formulations employing M. hyo T02-T08 vs. a placebo (T01) are illustrated by means of graphs in Figure 8A. The table in Figure 8B illustrates the Contrast of T02-T08 treatments with placebo.
[0031] Figure 9 is a flow chart showing one embodiment of a manufacturing process used to prepare PCV2-compatible protein A treated M. hyo antigen.
[0032] Figure 10 is the table showing the evolution of adjuvant for virucidal activity against PRRS viruses.
Figure 11 is a graph showing the results of PCV2 viremia (PCV2 Quantitative PCR) observed with experimental PCV2/M vaccine formulations. hyo/PRRS.
Figure 12 is a graph showing the PCV2 ELISA results observed with the experimental PCV2/M vaccine formulations. hyo/PRRS on days -1,7,13, 20,28, 35 and 42 of the study (challenge was day 21).
Figure 13 is a graph showing PCV2 fecal discharge obtained with treatments T02 and T03 (Experimental PCV2/M. hyo/PRRS vaccine formulations) described in Example 14 vs. the placebo (T01). Brief Description of Sequences
[0036] SEQ ID NO: 1 is an embodiment of a nucleotide sequence encoding p46 from the P-5722 strain of M. hyo;
SEQ ID NO: 2 is an embodiment of an amino acid sequence corresponding to p46 from the M. hyo strain of P-5722;
[0038] SEQ ID NO: 3 is an embodiment of a nucleotide sequence encoding p97 from the M. hyo strain of P-5722;
[0039] SEQ ID NO: 4 is an embodiment of an amino acid sequence corresponding to p97 from the P-5722 strain of M. hyo;
[0040] SEQ ID NO: 5 is an embodiment of a genomic sequence encoding a PCV1-2 chimeric virus;
[0041] SEQ ID NO: 6 is an embodiment of a nucleotide sequence corresponding to ORF2 of a porcine circovirus;
[0042] SEQ ID NO: 7 is an embodiment of an amino acid sequence corresponding to the ORF2 polypeptide of a porcine circovirus;
[0043] SEQ ID NO: 8 is an embodiment of a genomic sequence encoding a PCV1-2 chimeric virus;
[0044] SEQ ID NO: 9 is an embodiment of a nucleotide sequence corresponding to ORF2 of a porcine circovirus;
[0045] SEQ ID NO: 10 is an embodiment of an amino acid sequence corresponding to the ORF2 polypeptide of a porcine circovirus;
[0046] SEQ ID NO: 11 is an embodiment of an amino acid sequence corresponding to the ORF2 polypeptide of a porcine circovirus;
[0047] SEQ ID NO: 12 is an embodiment of a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11;
[0048] SEQ ID NO: 13 is an embodiment of an amino acid sequence corresponding to the ORF2 polypeptide of a porcine circovirus;
[0049] SEQ ID NO: 14 is an embodiment of a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13;
[0050] SEQ ID NO: 15 is an embodiment of an amino acid sequence corresponding to the ORF2 polypeptide of a porcine circovirus;
[0051] SEQ ID NO: 16 is an embodiment of a genomic sequence of a non-virulent form of the isolated North American PRRS virus designated P129; and
[0052] SEQ ID NO: 17 is an embodiment of a nucleotide sequence corresponding from ORF2 to ORF5 of the isolated PRRSV designated ISU-55.
[0053] SEQ ID NO: 18 is an embodiment of a nucleotide sequence corresponding to ORF6 and ORF7 of the isolated PRRSV designated ISU-55. Detailed description of the invention
The present invention provides a trivalent immunogenic composition including a soluble portion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) total cell preparation; a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen, and a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS2) antigen, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of both (i) IgG and (ii) ) immune complexes comprised of immunoglobulin-bound antigen. In one embodiment, the trivalent composition elicits a protective immune response in a pig against PCV2, M. hyo, and PRRS viruses.
Applicants surprisingly found that the insoluble fraction of the whole cellular M. hyo preparation is non-immunogenic. In contrast, the soluble Ig-G-free M. hyo preparation is immunogenic and can be effectively combined with antigens from other pathogens, such as PCV2 and PRRSV, without analytical or immunological interference between the antigens. This makes the preparation of soluble M. hyo an effective platform for the multivalent vaccines of the present invention. Applicants have also surprisingly found that removing immunoglobulin and insoluble cell debris from the M. hyo preparation increases the safety of the immunogenic composition.
[0056] As used in the specification and claims, the singular form “a”, “an”, “an” and “o” include the plural references unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the term "a protein antigen" includes a plurality of protein antigens, including mixtures thereof.
[0057] As used herein, the term "comprising" is intended to mean that compositions and methods include the elements recited but do not exclude the other elements.
[0058] As defined herein, a soluble portion of a whole M. hyo cell preparation refers to a liquid soluble fraction of a whole M. hyo cell preparation after separation of insoluble material and substantial removal of IgG and immune complexes linked to antigen. The soluble portion of M. hyo may alternatively be referred to herein as the supernatant fraction, culture supernatant, and the like. It includes soluble proteins expressed in M. hyo (M. hyo Protein Antigens) that have been separated or isolated from insoluble proteins, whole bacteria, and other cellular material insoluble in M. hyo by conventional means such as centrifugation, filtration or precipitation. In addition to including soluble M. hyo specific proteins, the soluble portion of the whole cellular M. hyo preparation also includes heterologous proteins, such as those contained in the culture medium used for M. hyo fermentation.
[0059] The term "antigen" refers to a compound, composition, or immunogenic substance that can stimulate antibody production or a T cell response, or both, in an animal, including compositions that are injected or absorbed into an animal . The immune response can be generated in the whole molecule, or to a portion of the molecule (eg, an epitope or hapten).
[0060] As defined herein, an "immunogenic or immunological composition" refers to a composition of matter comprising at least one antigen that elicits an immune response in the host of a cell and/or antibody-mediated immune response to the composition or vaccine of interest.
[0061] The term "immune response" as used herein refers to a response elicited in an animal. An immune response can refer to cellular immunity (CMI); humoral immunity or may involve both. The present invention also contemplates a limited response to a part of the immune system. In general, an "immune response" includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following effects: the production or activation of antibodies, B cells, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, and/or cytotoxic T cells and/or yd T cells, specifically targeting an antigen or antigens included in the composition or vaccine of interest. Preferably, the host will exhibit either a therapeutic or protective immune response such that resistance to new infection will be increased and/or the clinical severity of the disease reduced. Such protection will be demonstrated either by a reduction or lack of symptoms normally exhibited by an infected host, a faster recovery time and/or a reduced viral titer in the infected host.
As used herein, the term "immunogenicity" means capable of producing an immune response in a host animal against an antigen or antigens. Said immune response forms the basis of the protective immunity elicited by a vaccine against a specific infectious organism.
[0063] An "adjuvant" as used herein means a composition comprised of one or more substances that enhance the immune response to an antigen(s). The mechanism of how an adjuvant operates is not entirely known. Some adjuvants are believed to enhance the immune response by slowly releasing the antigen, whereas other adjuvants are strongly immunogenic in their own right and believed to work synergistically.
As used herein, the term "multivalent" means a vaccine containing more than one antigen either from the same species (ie, different Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolates), from a different species (ie, isolates a from both Pasteurella hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida), or a vaccine containing a combination of antigens from different genera (eg a vaccine comprising antigens from Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus somnus and Clostridium).
[0065] The term "pig" or "pig" as used herein means an animal of swine origin, while "sow" refers to a female of age and reproductive capacity. A “young sow” is a female pig that has never been pregnant.
[0066] As used herein, the term "virulent" means an isolate that retains its ability to be infectious in an animal host.
[0067] "Inactivated vaccine" means a vaccine composition containing an infectious organism or pathogen that is no longer capable of replication or development. The pathogen can be bacterial, viral, protozoal or fungal in origin. Inactivation can be accomplished by a variety of methods including freeze-drying, chemical treatment (eg, treatment with thimerosalt or formalin), sonication, radiation, heat, or any other conventional means sufficient to prevent replication or development of the organism. while maintaining its immunogenicity.
[0068] The term "variant" as used herein refers to a polypeptide or a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a polypeptide, which has one or more consecutive amino acid variations or other minor modifications such that the corresponding polypeptide has substantially function equivalent when compared to wild-type polypeptide.
[0069] "Conservative variation" denotes the replacement of an amino acid residue by another biologically similar residue, or a replacement of a nucleotide in a nucleic acid sequence such that the encoded amino acid residue does not change or is another biologically similar residue. Examples of conservative variations include substituting a hydrophobic residue, such as isoleucine, valine, leucine or methionine for another hydrophobic residue, or substituting a polar residue, such as substituting arginine for lysine, glutamic acid for aspartic acid , or glutamine to asparagine, and the like. The term "conservative variation" also includes the use of a substituted amino acid in place of a parent unsubstituted amino acid since antibodies raised to the substituted polypeptide also immunologically react with the unsubstituted polypeptide.
[0070] As used herein, the terms "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" and "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" are interchangeable and refer to a fluid vehicle containing vaccine antigens that can be injected into the host without adverse effects. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers known in the art include, but are not limited to, sterile water, saline, glucose, dextrose, or buffered solutions. Carriers can include aiding agents including, but not limited to, diluents, stabilizers (i.e., sugars and amino acids), preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, viscosity enhancing additives, colorants, and the like.
[0071] As used herein, the term "vaccine composition" includes at least one antigen or immunogen in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier useful for inducing an immune response in a host. Vaccine compositions can be administered in dosages and by techniques well known to those skilled in the medical or veterinary art, taking into account such factors as age, sex, weight, species and condition of the recipient animal, and the route of administration. The route of administration can be percutaneous, via mucosal (e.g., oral, nasal, anal, vaginal) or via a parenteral route (intradermal, transdermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intraperitoneal). Vaccine compositions can be administered alone, or they can be co-administered or administered sequentially with other treatments or therapies. Forms of administration may include suspensions, syrups or elixirs, and preparations for parenteral, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular or intravenous administration (for example, injectable administration) such as sterile suspensions or emulsions. Vaccine compositions can be administered as a spray or mixed with food and/or water or sent mixed with a suitable vehicle, diluent, or excipient such as sterile water, physiological saline, glucose or the like. The compositions may contain auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, adjuvants, gelling or viscosity enhancing additives, preservatives, flavoring agents, colorants, and the like, depending on the route of administration and the like. desired preparation. Standard pharmaceutical texts such as "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences," 1990 can be consulted to prepare suitable preparations without undue experimentation.
[0072] "North American PRRS virus" means any PRRS virus having genetic characteristics associated with an isolated North American PRRS virus, such as, but not limited to the PRRS virus that was first isolated in the United States near the onset of 1990s (see, for example, Collins, JE, et al., 1992, J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 4:117-126); North American virus of PRRS isolate MN-1b (Kwang, J. et al., 1994, J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 6:293-296); the Quebec LAF-exp91 strain of PRRSV (Mardassi, H. et al., 1995, Arch. Virol. 140:1405-1418); and North American virus of PRRS isolate VR 2385 (Meng, X.-J et al., 1994, J. Gen. Virol. 75:1795-1801). In addition, additional examples of North American PRRS virus strains are described here. Genetic traits refer to the genomic nucleotide sequence similarity and the amino acid sequence similarity shared by strains of the North American PRRS virus. Chinese PRRS virus strains generally show about 80-93% nucleotide sequence similarity to North American strains.
[0073] "European PRRS virus" refers to any strain of PRRS virus having the genetic characteristics associated with the PRRS virus that was first isolated in Europe around 1991 (see, for example, Wensvoort, G., et al. al., 1991, Vet. Q. 13:121-130). "European virus of PRRS" is also sometimes referred to in the art as "Lelystad virus". Additional examples of European PRRS virus strains are described here.
[0074] A genetically modified virus is "attenuated" if it is less virulent than its unmodified parental strain. A strain is "less virulent" if it shows a statistically significant reduction in one or more parameters that determine disease severity. Said parameters may include the level of viremia, fever, severity of respiratory distress, severity of reproductive symptoms, or the number or severity of lung lesions, etc.
[0075] An "infectious clone" is an isolated or cloned gonema of a disease agent (eg virus) that can be specifically and purposefully modified in the laboratory and then used to recreate the genetically modified living organism. A genetically modified live virus produced from the infectious clone can be used in a live virus vaccine. Alternatively, inactivated virus vaccines can be prepared by treating live virus derived from the infectious clone with inactivating agents such as formalin or hydrophobic solvents, acids, etc., by irradiation with ultraviolet light or X-ray, by heating , etc.
All currently available combinations of M. hyo and M. hyo are produced from killed whole cell mycoplasma preparations (bacterins). In contrast, the present invention employs a soluble portion of the total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) for combination with the PCV2 and PRRSV antigens, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of both (i ) IgG and (ii) immune complexes comprised of immunoglobulin-bound antigen.
[0077] M. hyo has an absolute need for exogenous sterols and fatty acids. Said needs generally necessitate the development of M. hyo in serum containing medium such as porcine serum. Separating the insoluble material from a soluble portion of the whole cellular M. hyo preparation (eg, by centrifugation, filtration or precipitation) does not remove IgG or porcine immune complexes. In one embodiment of the present invention, the soluble portion of M. hyo is treated with protein-A or protein-G so as to substantially remove IgG and immune complexes contained in the culture supernatant. In said embodiment, treatment with protein A is understood to occur post-fermentation of M. hyo. This is alternatively referred to herein as downstream treatment with protein A. In another embodiment, upstream treatment with protein A from the growth medium (ie, prior to fermentation of M. hyo) may be employed. Protein A binds to the Fc portion of IgG. Protein G preferably binds to the Fc portion of IgG, but can also bind to the Fab region. Methods to purify/remove total IgG from crude protein mixtures such as tissue culture supernatant, serum and fluid ascites are known in the art.
In some embodiments, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation includes at least one M. hyo protein antigen. In other embodiments, the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation includes two or more M. hyo protein antigens.
In one embodiment, the M. hyo supernatant fraction includes one or more of the following M. hyo-specific protein antigens: M. hyo proteins of approximately 46kD (p46), 64kD (p64) and 97kD (p97) of molecular weights. In another embodiment, the supernatant fraction at least includes the M. hyo protein antigens p46, p64 and p97. The approximately 64kD M. hyo protein (p64) may alternatively be referred to herein as the p65 surface antigen from M. hyo described by Kim et al. [Infected Immun. 58(8):2637-2643 (1990)], as well as in US Patent No. 5,788,962.
[0080] Futo et al. described the cloning and characterization of the 46kD surface protein from M. hyo, which can be employed in the compositions of the present invention [J. Bact 177: 1915-1917 (1995)]. In one embodiment, the M. hyo culture supernatant includes p46 whose corresponding nucleotide and amino acid sequence from the P-5722 strain are determined in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2, respectively. It is further contemplated that variants of said p46 sequences can be employed in the compositions of the present invention, as described below.
[0081] Zhang et al. describes and characterizes the M. hyo p97 adhesion protein [Infect. Immun. 63: 1013-1019, 1995]. Additionally, King et al. described the 124kD protein called Mhp1 from the M. hyo strain of P-5722 and presented data suggesting that Mhp1 and p97 are the same protein [Vaccine 15:25-35 (1997)]. Said p97 proteins can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. In one embodiment, the M. hyo culture supernatant includes p97 whose corresponding nucleotide and amino acid sequence from the P-5722 strain are determined in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4, respectively. It is further contemplated that variants of said p97 sequences can be employed in the compositions of the present invention, as described below.
The M. hyo culture supernatant may additionally include M. hyo specific protein antigens such as, but not limited to, proteins of approximately 41kD (p41), 42kD (p42), 89kD (p89), and 65kD (p65). See, Okada et al., 2000, J. Vet. Med. B 47:527-533 and Kim et al., 1990, Infect. Immun. 58(8):2637-2643. Additionally, the M. hyo culture supernatant can include M. hyo-specific protein antigens of approximately 102kD (p102) and 216kD (p216). See, US Patent Nos. 6,162,435 and 7,419,806 for Minnion et al.
[0083] Any M. hyo strain can be used as a starting material to produce the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation of the compositions of the present invention. Suitable strains of M. hyo can be obtained from commercial or academic sources, including repositories such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, Va.) and the NRRL Culture Collection (Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Ill.). The ATCC alone lists the following six strains of M. hyo for sale: M. hyo ATCC 25095, M. hyo ATCC 25617, M. hyo ATCC 25934, M. hyo ATCC 27714, M. hyo ATCC 27715, and M. hyo ATCC 25934D. A preferred strain of M. hyo for use in the embodiments of the present invention is identified as strain P-5722-3, ATCC #55052, filed May 30, 1990 in accordance with the accessibility rules required by the US Patent and Trademark Office. In view of the wide spread of the disease, strains can also be obtained by recovering M. hyo from lung or tissue secretions from pigs infected with strains known to cause mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs.
It is understood by those skilled in the art that variants of the M. hyo sequences can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. Said variants can vary by as much as 10-20% in sequence identity and still retain the antigenic characteristics that make them useful in the immunogenic composition. Preferably, the M. hyo variants have at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% sequence identity with the full length genomic sequence of the strain of M. hyo. wild type M. hyo. The antigenic characteristics of an immunological composition can be, for example, estimated by the experiment challenge as provided in the Examples. Furthermore, the antigenic characteristic of a modified M. hyo antigen is still retained when the modified antigen confers at least 70%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% protective immunity compared to wild-type M. hyo protein .
[0085] In one embodiment, soluble M. hyo p46 antigen is included in the compositions of the present invention at a final concentration of about 1.5 µg/ml to about 10 µg/ml, preferably, and about 2 µg/ ml to about 6 µg/ml. It is noted that p46 is the protein used for the M. hyo potency test (see example section below). In another embodiment, the M. hyo antigen may be included in the compositions at a final amount of from about 5.5% to about 35% of the supernatant treated with total M. hyo culture protein A.
The soluble M. hyo preparation is not only safe but also effective against M. hyo and is suitable for single dose administration. Additionally, Applicants have surprisingly found that the soluble M. hyo preparation can be effectively combined with antigens from other pathogens, including PCV2 and PRRS viruses, without immunological interference between the antigens. This makes the soluble M. hyo preparation an effective platform for multivalent vaccines, including the PCV2/M Combination Vaccine. hyo/PRRS of the present invention. The PRRS and PCV2 virus antigens can be given concurrently with the M. hyo composition (ie as three separate single vaccines), but preferably the soluble M. hyo preparation and the PCV2 antigen are combined together as one ready-to-use liquid composition. Said ready-to-use liquid M. hyo/PCV2 composition can then be combined with the PRRS virus antigen so that all antigens can be administered simultaneously to the pig. In some embodiments, the PRRS virus antigen is in a lyophilized state and the liquid M. hyo/PCV2 composition can be used to rehydrate the lyophilized PRRS virus antigen, thereby forming a trivalent composition.
[0087] In one embodiment, the immunogenic compositions PCV2/M. hyo/PRRS of the present invention include at least one additional antigen. In one embodiment, the at least one additional antigen is protective against a microorganism that can cause disease in pigs.
[0088] In some embodiments, the at least one additional antigen component is protective against bacteria, viruses, or protozoa that are known to infect pigs. Examples of said microorganisms include, but are not limited to the following: swine parvovirus (PPV), Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcum suis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Actinobacilllus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. . Mycoplama hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, leptospira bacterium, Lawsonia intracellularis, swine influenza virus (SIV), Escherichia coli antigen, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, swine respiratory coronavirus, swine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED), virus, Torque tenovirus ), Porcine Cytomegalovirus, Porcine Enterovirus, Encephalomyocarditis Virus, Aujesky's Disease-causing Pathogen, Classical Swine Fever (CSF) and Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis, or combinations thereof.
[0089] In one embodiment, the PCV2/M Component. hyo of the trivalent vaccine according to the present invention is provided as a ready-to-use liquid composition in a vial. Said ready-to-use composition does not require mixing of the separate monovalent PCV2 and M. hyo vaccines, so there is no risk of contamination or additional work associated with mixing and there is no need to use the mixture within a few hours. Also, the PCV2/M component. hyo in a bottle cuts waste and refrigerator storage space in half.
[0090] In some embodiments, the PCV2 antigen component of a PCV2/M combination vaccine. hyo/PRRS is in the form of a chimeric type 1 - type 2 circovirus. The chimeric virus includes an inactivated recombinant swine circovirus type 1 that expresses the ORF2 protein of the swine circovirus type 2. Chimeric swine circovirus and methods for preparing the same are described in WO 03/049703 A2, and also in US Patent Nos. 7,279,166 and 7,575,752, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0091] In one embodiment, the full length DNA sequence of the chimeric PCV1-2 virus genome corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 5. or variants thereof, as described below. In another embodiment, the immunogenic ORF2 capsid gene of the chimeric PCV1-2 virus corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 6. In a further embodiment, the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic ORF2 protein expressed by the chimeric PCV1-2 virus corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 7.
[0092] In yet another embodiment, the full-length DNA sequence of the chimeric PCV1-2 virus genome corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 8. In one embodiment, the immunogenic ORF2 capsid gene of the chimeric PCV1-2 virus corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 9. In a further embodiment, the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic ORF2 protein expressed by the chimeric PCV1-2 virus corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 10.
[0093] However, the PCV2 ORF2 DNA and the chimeric PCV1-2 virus protein are not limited to the sequences described above since the PCV2 ORF2 DNA and the protein is a highly conserved domain within isolated PCV2.
In some embodiments, the PCV2 antigen component of an M. hyo/PCV2/PRRS Combination Vaccine is in the form of a recombinant ORF2 protein. In one embodiment, the recombinant ORF2 protein is expressed from a baculovirus vector. Alternatively, other known expression vectors can be used, such as including but not limited to parapox vectors.
In one embodiment, the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is that of SEQ ID NO: 11, which is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 12 (GenBank Accession No. AF086834). In another embodiment, the recombinant ORF2 protein is that of SEQ ID NO: 13, which is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 14. In yet another embodiment, the recombinant ORF2 protein corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 15. In yet another embodiment, a recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 7. In yet another additional embodiment, the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 10.
[0096] However, the present invention is not limited to the particular ORF2 DNA and protein sequences described above. Since PCV2 ORF2 DNA and protein is a highly conserved domain within isolated PCV2, any PCV2 ORF2 is highly likely to be effective as a source of PCV2 ORF2 DNA and/or polypeptide as used in chimeric or PCV1-2 virus in the recombinant PCV2 protein.
[0097] An example of a suitable PCV2 isolate from which PCV2 ORF2 DNA and protein sequences can be derived is PCV2 isolate number 40895 (filed with ATCC on December 7, 2001 and assigned a patent filing designation ATCC PTA-3914). The genomic sequence (nucleotide) of isolated PCV2 number 40895 is available from Access to GenBank number AF264042. Other examples of suitable isolated PCV2 from which PCV2 ORF2 DNA and protein sequences can be derived include, but are not limited to the following: Imp.999, Imp.1010-Stoon, Imp.1011-48121, and Tax 1011-48285. The GenBank Accession Numbers of the genomic sequences that correspond to said isolated PCV2 are AF055391, AF055392, AF055393 and AF055394, respectively.
[0098] In some forms, the immunogenic portions of the PCV2 ORF2 protein protein are used as the antigenic component in a composition. For example, truncated and/or substituted forms or fragments of the PCV2 ORF2 protein can be employed in the compositions of the present invention.
It is understood by those skilled in the art that variants of the PCV2 sequences can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. Said variants can vary by as much as 10-20% in sequence identity and still retain the antigenic characteristics that make them useful in immunogenic compositions. Preferably, the PCV2 variants have at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% sequence identity with the full length genomic sequence of the isolated PCV2 type wild. The antigenic characteristics of an immunological composition can be, for example, estimated by the challenge experiment as provided in the Examples. Furthermore, the antigenic characteristic of a modified PCV2 antigen is still retained when the modified antigen confers at least 70%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% protective immunity compared to the wild-type PCV2 ORF2 protein.
[00100] The PCV2 antigen component is provided in the immunogenic composition at a level of inclusion of z antigen to induce the desired immune response, that is, reduce the incidence of or reduce the severity of clinical signs that result from PCV2 infection .
[00101] In one embodiment, a PCV1-2 chimeric virus is included in the trivalent compositions of the present invention at a level of at least 1.0 < RP < 5.0, where RP is the unit of Relative Potency determined by ELISA antigen quantification (in vitro potency test) compared to a reference vaccine. In another embodiment, a PCV1-2 chimeric virus is included in the composition of the present invention at a final concentration of about 0.5% to about 5% of 20 times (20X) the concentrated volume of PCV1-2 antigen.
[00102] In another embodiment, the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is included in the trivalent compositions of the present invention at a level of at least 0.2 μg antigen/mL of the final immunogenic composition (μg/mL). In a further embodiment, the inclusion level of the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is from about 0.2 to about 400 µg/ml. In yet another embodiment, the inclusion level of the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is from about 0.3 to about 200 µg/ml. In yet another additional embodiment, the inclusion level of the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is from about 0.35 to about 100 µg/ml. In yet another embodiment, the inclusion level of the recombinant PCV2 ORF2 protein is from about 0.4 to about 50 µg/ml.
[00103] In one embodiment, a trivalent immunogenic composition of the present invention includes the present invention's combination of at least one soluble M. hyo antigen (e.g., two or more), a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen , and a PRRS virus antigen. In another embodiment, the composition elicits a protective immune response in a pig against M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS.
[00104] In one embodiment, the PCV2/M. hyo/PRRS is provided as a 2 vial, single dose vaccine. For example, in some modalities, the PCV2/M combination. hyo is provided as a stable liquid composition in a first vial and a PRRS virus is provided in a lyophilized state in a second vial. In some embodiments, additional swine antigens can be added to either the first or second vial.
[00105] In one embodiment, the PRRS virus component is provided as a lyophilized genetically modified live virus. Prior to administration, PCV2/M. liquid hyo from a first vial can be used to rehydrate the PRRS virus in a second vial so that all three antigens can be administered to the animal in a single dose. It is noted that although the PCV2/M. hyo/PRRSs currently exist, it is not provided as a single dose, three-vial vaccine that requires simultaneous administration of three separate vaccines (eg, Ingelvac CircoFLEX®, Ingelvac MycoFLEX® and Ingelvac®PRRS MLV).
[00106] The etiologic agent PRRS was first isolated in The Netherlands, and named as Lelystad virus. Said virus has been described in WO 92/21375 (Stichting Centraal Diegeneeskundig Instituut). An isolate of the European PRRS virus has been deposited at the Institut Pasteur de Paris, number I-1102. The North American type was isolated almost simultaneously with the isolation of the European type virus, and it is described in WO-93/03760 (Collins et al.) an isolate of the North American type virus has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) , number VR-2332.
[00107] Different strains have been isolated from both European and North American h virus types. WO 93/07898 (Akzo) describes the European strain, and vaccines derived therefrom, deposited at CNCM (Institut Pasteur), number I-1140. Also, WO 93/14196 (Rhone-Merieux) describes a new strain isolated in France, deposited at CNCM (Institut Pasteur), number I-1153. In addition, EP0595436 B1(Solvay) describes a new strain of the North American type, more virulent than that initially described, and vaccines thereof. Said strain has been filed with the ATCC, but the filing number is not detailed in the patent application. Additionally, ES2074950 BA (Cyanamid Iberica) and its counterpart GB2282811 B2 describe the so-called "Spanish strain", which is different from the other European and North American strains. Said "Spanish strain" has been deposited with the European Animal Cell Culture Collection (EACCC), number V93070108.
[00108] Suitable PRRSs virus antigen for use in PCV2/M compositions. hyo/PRRS of the present invention include North American PRRS virus isolates, Chinese PRRS virus strains, and European PRRS virus strains, as well as genetically modified versions of said isolates/strains. In one embodiment, the PRRS virus antigen component employed in compositions in accordance with the present invention is a North American PRRS virus.
[00109] In some embodiments, the PRRS virus antigen component employed in the compositions of the present invention is the isolated North American PRRS virus designated P129 or a genetically modified live version thereof. Preferably, the genetically modified PRRS virus is incapable of producing a pathogenic infection yet is capable of eliciting an effective immune protective response against wild-type PRRS virus infection.
[00110] A genetically modified PRRS virus for use in the compositions of the present invention can be produced from an infectious clone. The preparation of an isolated North American PRRS virus infectious cDNA clone designated P129 is described in US Patent No. 6,500,662 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The sequence of P129 cDNA is described in GenBank Accession Number AF494042 and in US Patent No. 6,500,662.
[00111] In one embodiment, the nucleotide sequence of a non-virulent form of P129 for use in the compositions of the present invention is depicted by SEQ ID NO: 16. However, the present invention is not limited to said sequence. Said sequence and the sequences of other non-virulent forms of P129 are described in International Application No. PCT/IB2011/055003 filed November 9, 2011, the contents of which (including any US National Phase deposit based thereon International Order) are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Preferably, the PRRS virus is modified to prevent down-regulation of function mediated by itnerferon.
[00112] In other embodiments, the PRRS virus antigen component employed in the compositions of the present invention is the isolated PRRS virus designated ISU-55. Isolated ISU-55 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) under accession number VR2430. The nucleotide sequence of the ORF2 to ORF5 genes of the isolated ISU-55 is represented by SEQ ID NO:17. The nucleotide sequence of the ORF6 and ORF7 genes of the isolated ISU-55 is represented by SEQ ID NO: 18.
[00113] Another suitable isolated North American PRRS virus that can be used in the compositions is ISU-12, which has been deposited with the ATCC under accession numbers VR2385 [3x purified plate] and VR2386 [unpurified plate]. Yet another suitable isolated North American PRRS virus that may be employed in the compositions of the present invention are as follows: ISU-51, ISU-3927, ISU-1894, ISU-22 and ISU-79, which have been deposited with the ATCC under the access numbers VR2498, VR2431, VR2475, VR2429 and VR2474 respectively. Genetically modified versions of any of said isolated ISUs can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. Said isolated ISU and isolated ISU-55 are described in detail in the following US Patents to Paul, et al: US 5,695,766, 6,110,467, 6,251,397, 6,251,404, 6,380,376, 6,592,873, 6,773,908, 6,977,078, 7,223,854, 7,264,802, 7,26,57 , all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[00114] In still other embodiments, the PRRS virus antigen component employed in the compositions according to the present invention is the North American type deposited in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), number VR-2332 or a genetically modified version thereof. For example, the PRRS virus can be a live virus modified based on the isolate identified as ATCC VR2332, which is employed in INGELVAC® PRRS ATP and INGELVAC® PRRS MLV, by Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
[00115] In still other embodiments, the PRRS virus antigen component employed in the compositions of the present invention is an isolated European PRRS virus or Lelystad virus or the genetically modified version thereof. An example of a suitable PRRS virus strain is identified as deposit No. I-1102, described above. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence corresponding to deposit I-1102 are described in US Patent no. 5,620,691 to Wensvoort et al, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The preparation of an infective clone of an isolated European PRRS virus or Lelystad virus is described in US Patent No. 6,268,199 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[00116] Other examples of suitable isolated PRRS viruses include, but are not limited to those described above. Also, the genetically modified live version of the isolated PRRS virus can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. An infectious clone can be used to recreate said genetically modified living organisms.
It is understood by those skilled in the art that sequence variants of the PRRS viruses can be employed in the compositions of the present invention. Said variants can vary by as much as 10-20% in sequence identity and still retain the antigenic characteristics that make them useful in immunogenic compositions. Preferably, the PRRS virus variants have at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% sequence identity with the full length genomic sequence of the PPRS virus of wild type isolated. The antigenic characteristics of an immunological composition can be, for example, estimated by experimental challenges. Furthermore, the antigenic characteristic of a modified PRRS virus antigen is still maintained when the modified antigen confers at least 70%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% protective immunity compared to the PRRS virus antigen of wild type.
[00118] In one embodiment, the PRRS virus antigen component is a genetically modified live virus that is included in the compositions of the present invention at a level of at least 2.1 < TCID50 < 5.2, where TCID50 is the dose of 50% infectious tissue culture determined by antigen quantification (in vitro potency test)
[00119] The PCV2 antigen component of the PCV2/M compositions. hyo/PRRS of the present invention may be in the form of a chimeric type 1 - type 2 circovirus, the chimeric virus including an inactivated recombinant swine type 1 circovirus expressing the ORF2 protein of the porcine circovirus type 2. In or - in another embodiment, the PCV2 antigen component of the PCV2/M compositions. hyo/PRRS of the present invention is in the form of a recombinant ORF2 protein.
[00120] PCV2 antigens suitable for use in the PCV2/M compositions. hyo/PRRS can be derived from any of the PCV2 isolates described above, as well as other PCV2 isolates. Suitable PCV2 antigens to be employed in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the PCV2 sequences described above and variants thereof.
[00121] The vaccines of the present invention may be formulated following accepted convention to include acceptable carriers for animals, including humans (if applicable), such as standard buffers, stabilizers, diluents, preservatives, and/or solubilizers, and may also be formulated to facilitate sustained release. Diluents include water, saline, dextrose, ethanol, glycerol and the like. Additives for isotonicity include sodium chloride, dextrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and lactose, among others. Stabilizers include albumin, among others. Other suitable vaccine carriers and additives, including those that are particularly useful in the formulation of modified live vaccines, are known or will be apparent to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, 18th ed., 1990, Mack Publishing, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The vaccines of the present invention may additionally comprise one or more additional immunomodulatory components such as, for example, an adjuvant or cytokine, among others. Types of adjuvants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include the following: an oil-in-water adjuvant, a polymer and a water adjuvant, a water-in-oil adjuvant, an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, a vitamin E adjuvant and combinations thereof. Some specific examples of adjuvants include, but are not limited to, complete Freund's adjuvant, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum, Bacillus Calmette Guerin, aluminum hydroxide gel, glucan, dextran sulfate, iron oxide, sodium alginate, Bacto-Adjuvant, certain synthetic polymers such as polyamino acids and amino acid copolymers, block copolymer (CytRx, Atlanta, Ga.), QS-21 (Cambridge Biotech Inc., Cambridge Mass.), SAF- M (Chiron, Emeryville Calif.), AMPHIGEN® adjuvant, saponin, Quil A or other saponin fraction, monophosphoryl lipid A, and lipid-amine avridine adjuvant (N,N-dioctadecyl-N',N'--bis(2 -hydroxyethyl)-propanediamine), "REGRESSIN" (Vetrepharm, Athens, Ga.), paraffin oil, RIBI adjuvant system (Ribi Inc., Hamilton, Mont.), muramyl dipeptide and the like.
[00123] Non-limiting examples of oil-in-water emulsions useful for the vaccine of the present invention include formulations of modified SEAM62 and SEAM 1/2. Modified SEAM62 is an oil-in-water emulsion containing 5% (volume by volume) squalene (Sigma), 1% (volume by volume) SPAN® 85 detergent (ICI Surfactants), 0.7% (volume by volume) ) of TWEEN® 80 detergent (ICI Surfactants), 2.5% (volume by volume) of ethanol, 200 μg/mL of Quil A, 100 μg/mL of cholesterol, and 0.5% (volume by volume) of lecithin . Modified SEAM 1/2 is an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 5% (volume by volume) of squalene, 1% (volume by volume) of SPAN® 85 detergent, 0.7% (volume by volume) of Tween detergent 80, 2.5% (volume by volume) ethanol, 100 µg/ml Quil A, and 50 µg/ml cholesterol.
[00124] Another example of an adjuvant useful in the compositions of the present invention is SP oil. As used in the specification and claims, the term "SP oil" designates an oil emulsion comprising a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer, squalene, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and a buffered saline solution. Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers are surfactants that aid in suspending solid and liquid components. Said surfactants are commercially offered as polymers under the trademark Pluronic®. The preferred surfactant is poloxamer 401 which is commercially offered under the trademark Pluronic® L-121. In general, the SP oil emulsion is an immunostimulatory adjuvant mixture which will comprise about 1 to 3% volume by volume of block copolymer, about 2 to 6% volume by volume of squalene, more particularly about 3 to 6 % squalene, and about 0.1 to 0.5% volume by volume polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, with the remainder being the buffered saline solution. In one embodiment, the SP oil emulsion is present in the final composition in volume to volume amounts of about 1% to 25%, preferably about 2% to 15%, more preferably about 5% to 12% volume to volume .
[00125] Yet another example of an adjuvant suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention is the AMPHIGEN™ adjuvant which consists of de-oiled lecithin dissolved in an oil, usually light liquid paraffin.
Other examples of adjuvants useful in the compositions of the present invention are the following proprietary adjuvants: Microsol Diluvac Forte® emulsion system duel adjuvant, Emunade adjuvant, and Xsolve adjuvant. Both Emunade and Xsolve adjuvants are mineral oil-in-light water emulsions, but Emunade also contains alhydrogel, and d,l-α-tocopheryl acetate is part of the XSolve adjuvant. A still further example of an adjuvant suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention is ImpranFLEX™ adjuvant (a water-in-oil adjuvant). A still further example of a suitable adjuvant is a Carbomer-based adjuvant (Carbopol®). Preferred Carbopol® adjuvants include Carbopol® 934 polymer and Carbopol® 941 polymer.
[00127] In one embodiment, the adjuvant or mixture of adjuvants is added in an amount from about 100 µg to about 10 mg per dose. In another embodiment, the adjuvant/adjuvant mixture is added in an amount from about 200 µg to about 5 mg per dose. In yet another embodiment, the adjuvant/adjuvant mixture is added in an amount from about 300 µg to about 1 mg/dose.
[00128] The adjuvant or mixture of adjuvants is typically present in the vaccine composition of the present invention in volume to volume amounts of about 1% to 25%, preferably about 2% to 15%, more preferably about 5% to 12% volume by volume.
[00129] Other "immunomodulators" that can be included in the vaccine include, for example, one or more interleukins, interferons, or other known cytokines. In one embodiment, the adjuvant can be a cyclodextrin derivative or a polyanionic polymer, such as those described in US Pat. 6,165,995 and 6,610,310, respectively.
[00130] A further aspect relates to a method for preparing an immunogenic composition according to the present invention. Said method comprises i) cultivating M. hyo in a suitable medium for periods ranging from 18-144 hours; ii) subsequently inactivating the M. hyo culture; iii) collecting the inactivated culture fluid, wherein the inactivated culture fluid comprises a whole cell preparation of M. hyo comprising not only a soluble liquid fraction but also insoluble cellular material; iv) separating the soluble liquid fraction from the insoluble cellular material; v) substantially removing not only the IgG but also the antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes from the separated soluble liquid fraction to form a soluble portion of the whole cellular M. hyo preparation; and vi) subsequently combining the soluble portion of the whole cellular M. hyo preparation with a PCV2 antigen and a PRRS virus antigen. In some embodiments, step vi) includes combining a ready-to-use liquid composition including both the PCV2 antigen and the soluble portion of M. hyo with a lyophilized PRRS virus antigen.
[00131] An example of a suitable medium to cultivate M. hyo is the PPLO Broth (Mycoplasma Broth Base), which when supplemented with nutrient enrichment elements, is used for the isolation and cultivation of Mycoplasma.
[00132] In some modalities, the culture of M. hyo is developed until the late stage of development, after which the culture is inactivated. In some other modalities, the culture is inactivated by raising the pH (eg, to about 7.8). This occurs by exposing the crop production to an inactivating agent, such as binary ethyleneimine (BEI). BEI is generated in situ during the incubation of L-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA) in a production culture. Subsequently, the pH of the inactivated culture is neutralized, such as by adding an equivalent amount of an agent that neutralizes the inactivating agent into the solution. In some embodiments, the inactivating agent is BEI and the neutralizing agent is sodium thiosulfate. In one embodiment, the pH of the inactivated culture is adjusted to about 7.4 by adding sodium thiosulfate.
[00133] In some embodiments, the soluble liquid fraction of the total cellular M. hyo preparation is separated from the insoluble cellular material using conventional methods. In one embodiment, the separation is by a filtering step. In another embodiment, said separation is by a centrifugation step. In yet another modality, separation is by a precipitation step.
In one embodiment, the liquid soluble fraction of an inactivated neutralized M. hyo whole cell preparation is treated with Protein A resin to substantially remove both IgG and the immune antigen/immunoglobulin complexes therein. In other embodiments, the Protein G resin can be used to substantially remove both IgG and immune antigen/immunoglobulin complexes contained in the liquid soluble fraction. Methods to remove not only IgG but also antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes with either Protein A or Protein G resins are well known in the art.
[00135] According to a further aspect, the method for preparing a trivalent immunogenic composition according to the present invention comprises preparing the soluble M. hyo antigen as described above and mixing the said with a PCV2 antigen, a PRRS virus antigen , a suitable adjuvant, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Said method optionally includes combining the PCV2 antigen and the soluble M. hyo antigen to form a divalent composition and subsequently adding said divalent composition to a monovalent antigen of the PRRS virus composition to form a trivalent composition.
[00136] A further aspect of the present invention relates to a kit. A “kit” refers to a plurality of components that are grouped together. In one embodiment, a kit according to the present invention includes a first vial (or other suitable receptacle) comprising the composition including both a PCV2 antigen and the soluble portion of the total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation is substantially free of both (i) IgG and (ii) immune antigen/immunoglobulin complexes; and a second vial comprising PRRS virus antigen. In one embodiment, the kit additionally includes an instruction manual.
[00137] In some embodiments, the combination of PCV2/M. hyono first bottle of the kit is provided as a ready-to-use liquid composition. In additional embodiments, the PRRS virus antigen is in the form of a genetically modified live virus that is provided in a lyophilized state. In such cases, the instruction manual will include directions for rehydrating the PRRS virus component in the second vial with the liquid content from the first vial containing the PCV2/M combination. hyo. The instruction manual will also preferably include directions for administering the combined contents from the first and second vials to the pig.
In some embodiments, an immunogenic composition according to the present invention is administered to pigs having maternal-derived antibodies against at least one of M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS. In other embodiments, an immunogenic composition of the present invention is administered to pigs having maternally derived antibodies against M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS.
In some embodiments, a trivalent immunogenic composition in accordance with the present invention is administered to a piglet of age 3 weeks or older. However, it is contemplated that the trivalent vaccine composition according to the present invention can also be used to revaccinate young pre-weaning sows. As is known in the art, a young sow is a female pig that has never been pregnant. Vaccinated young sows will pass the mother-derived antibodies to their suckling newborns through colostrum.
[00140] It is further contemplated that the trivalent vaccine in accordance with the present invention can be used to annually revaccinate livestock. Preferably, the trivalent vaccine according to the present invention is administered to pigs (eg piglets or young sows) in one dose. In one embodiment, the multivalent vaccine according to the present invention does not require mixing the separate monovalent PCV2 and M. hyo vaccines prior to administration, i.e., the PCV2/M component. hyo is provided as a ready-to-use formulation contained in a bottle. In another embodiment, the multivalent formulation requires mixing a PCV2/M vaccine. hyo divalent contained in a first vial with the monovalent PRRS vaccine contained in a second vial. Optionally, additional antigens can be added to any of said vials.
In some embodiments, the onset of immunity is from 2-3 weeks post-vaccination with the trivalent vaccine composition according to the present invention. In other embodiments, the duration of immunity is about 1723 weeks post-vaccination with the trivalent vaccine composition according to the present invention.
[00142] The following are examples of certain preferred materials and procedures in accordance with the present invention. However, it should be understood that said examples are provided by way of illustration only, and nothing in them should be considered a limitation on the general scope of the present invention.ExamplesExample 1: Methods of producing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for M. hyo antigen combinable with PCV2Fermentation and Inactivation of M. hyo
Medium for scale seeding and antigen production was prepared as follows. Porcine Heart Derived Pleuropenumonia-like Organism Broth (PPLO) (BD Biosciences catalog No. 21498) was produced according to manufacturer's directions (ie 21g/L) and yeast extract solution was produced at 21g/ There at USP. The yeast extract solution was then added to the 6.25% PPLO and the mixture was sterilized by heating at 121°C for > 30 minutes. Cysteine hydrochloride was prepared at 90g/L and filter sterilized. A dextrose solution was produced by adding 450 g of dextrose per liter of USP water followed by heat sterilization. To prepare the final medium, porcine serum was added to 10% base medium followed by 0.01% cysteine and 1.0% dextrose. The medium was inoculated with a 10% volume by volume of a log phase culture of M. hyopeumoniae (strain P-5722-3). The culture was maintained at 37°C and pH and dO were maintained at 7.0 and 25%, respectively. In late log phase development, the culture was inactivated by binary ethyleneimine (BEI), an aziridine compound, produced from 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide. Specifically, inactivation occurred by raising the pH to 7.8 by adding 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA) to a final concentration of 4 mM and incubating for 24 hours. BEI was neutralized by addition of sodium thiosulfate at a 1:1 molar ratio followed by an additional 24 hours of incubation. The inactivated culture fluid was kept at 2-8°C until further processing.Example 2: Porcine Circovirus (cPCV)1-2 Chimeric Production Methods
[00144] The cPCV1-2 was constructed by cloning the immunogenic capsid gene of the pathogenic porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) into the genomic structure of the non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1). The procedure for constructing the chimeric DNA clone is described, for example, in US Patent No. 7,279,166, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. An infectious stock of chimeric virus was purchased from Dr. XJ Meng, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, and was used to infect 15 swine kidney (PK) cells grown in Minimum Essential Essential (MEM) medium supplemented with 0.05% lactalbumin hydrolyzate (LAH), 30 μg/mL gentamicin sulfate, and 5% fetal bovine serum. The resulting 15 cPCV1-2 infected PK cells were further expanded by serial passage four more times using the same growth medium except 2-3% fetal bovine serum. The fifth pass was frozen, rapidly cooled and filtered, and the resulting lysates were used to prepare a pre-master seed and subsequent master seed.
[00145] The medium that was used to produce virus seeds was the same as that used to produce the virus stock. For developmental medium, MEM, OptiMEM, or equivalent is the basal medium that can be used for planting the PK-15 cell line for development. The development medium can be supplemented with up to 10% bovine serum, up to 0.5% lactalbumine hydrolyzate, up to 0.5% bovine serum albumin, and up to 30 μg/mL gentamicin. For virus propagation medium, MEM, OptiMEM, or equivalent is used. Virus propagation medium can be supplemented with up to 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolyzate, up to 2% bovine serum, up to 0.5% bovine serum albumin, and up to 30 μg/mL gentamicin. Up to 5 g/L glucose and up to 5 mmol/L L-glutamine can be added to the growth medium and/or virus propagation medium as needed to sustain the cells.
The cPCV1-2 master seed virus is added to a 15 cell-PK cell suspension and adsorbed for up to 3 hours. Seed virus is diluted in basal growth medium to provide a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 - 0.0001.
[00147] 15-cell PK cultures are initially inoculated by working the seed virus at the time of cell planting, or when cells reach approximately 20% to 50% confluence. Said initial passage may be referred to as the “One-Step Infection Method” for the production of antigen stock, or it may additionally be used for serial passages. For serial passages, the 15 cPCV1-2 infected PK-cells are further expanded to passage 7 by serial divisions at a ratio of 1:5 - 20 for virus propagation. Culture medium containing a cell suspension infected from the previous passage serves as seed material for the next passage. Cells infected with cPCV1-2 are incubated for three (3) to 14 days for each passage at 36 ± 2°C when cells reach >90% confluency. The cPCV1-2 virus causes cytopathic changes that can be observed during viral replication. On collection, cell rounding and considerable floating debris are observed. Cultures are also observed for visual evidence of bacterial or fungal contamination. The incubation time between collections for the cPCV antigen is provided in Table 1 below:

[00148] The cPCV1-2 culture fluids are collected in sterile vials and are sampled for mycoplasma testing using known methods. Multiple collections can be conducted from roller bottles, bioreactors and perfusion bottles.
[00149] Prior to inactivation of collected cPCV1-2 viruses, one or more lots of antigen can be concentrated (eg up to 60X) by ultrafiltration. Concentrates can be washed with balanced salt solution to reduce whey proteins.
[00150] The method of inactivating, attenuating, or detoxifying the cPCV1-2 virus will now be described. After concentration of the cPCV antigen, Beta-propiolactone (BPL) is added to the cPCV1-2 viral pooled material to obtain an approximate concentration of 0.2% volume to volume. The pooled viral fluids are then shaken for a minimum of 15 minutes and then the volume of inactivating antigen fluids is transferred to a second sterile vial. The transferred antigen fluids are kept at 2 - 7°C, with constant agitation, for a minimum of 24 hours. After a minimum of 24 hours, a second addition of 0.2% volume by volume of GLP is added to the pooled suspension. The contents are subsequently shaken, transferred to a third vial, and kept at 2 - 7°C, with constant agitation, for an additional time of not less than 84 hours. In general, the total inactivation time is not less than 108 hours and not more than 120 hours. An inactivation method is summarized in Table 2 below.

[00151] Inactivation is terminated by the addition of a final concentration of no more than 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate solution. The pH of the inactivated antigen stock is adjusted to about 6.8 using NaOH or HCl. Following inactivation, a representative sample is obtained from the group and tested for completion of inactivation. The inactivated cPCV1-2 antigen product is standardized to meet a target greater than 1.0 RP as measured via ELISA potency.Example 3: Downstream Processing of M. hyo Antigens and Analytical Testing of Said Processed Antigens downstream of M. hyo antigens:
[00152] Inactivated fermentation fluid (prepared as described above in Example 1) was treated for each group indicated as follows. Said processed M. hyo antigens were employed in Example 4 below.
[00153] T02: (Total volume) Not processed.
[00154] T03: (10X concentrated UF) Concentrated via tangential flow filtration via a 100 KDa molecular weight cut-off membrane (hollow fiber). Final volume reduction was equal to 10X.
[00155] T04 & T05: (10X UF concentrated & centrifuged) Concentrated mycoplasma cells (from T03) were collected and washed once with PBS via centrifugation at ~20,000 xg (Sorvall model RC5B).
[00156] T06 & T07: (10X centrifuged) The inactivated fermentation fluid was centrifuged at ~20,000 xg (Sorvall RC5B) and washed once by resuspension of the cells in PBS followed by an additional centrifugation. The final volume reduction was equal to 10X.
[00157] T08: (10X Centrifuged & Warmed) Mycoplasma cells were concentrated and washed by T06 and heated to 65°C for 10 minutes.
[00158] T09: (Cell free supernatant) Supernatant collected from the first centrifugation as described for T06 was sterilized by filtration through a 0.2 micron filter (Nalgene).
[00159] T10: (Cell-free supernatant-Protein-A treated) Sterile supernatant (prepared by T09) was mixed with Protein A resin (Protein A Sepharose, Pharmacia Inc) at a volume ratio of 10:1 per 4 hours. The resin was removed by sterile filtration and the filtered fluid was stored at 2-8°C. This process uses "downstream" post-fermentation treatment with protein A to remove antibodies and immune complexes. Although the present invention does not prevent upstream treatment with protein A, the present inventors observed that in the case of M. hyo, upstream treatment with protein A from the growth medium led to p46 results that were lower and inconsistent in comparison. with untreated medium (data not shown). Analytical Testing of Downstream Processed M. hyo Antigens
Downstream processed M. hyo antigen preparations (prepared as described above) were tested for M. hyo specific p46 antigen recovery, and for the presence of PCV2 antibody. Additionally, said M. hyo antigen preparations were tested for the presence of Torque Teno Virus (TTV), including genotype 1 (g1TTV) and genotype 2 (g2TTV). The results are shown below in Table 3.

[00161] Referring to table 3 above, M. hyo-specific p46 antigen retrieval has been demonstrated for each of the processed antigen preparations downstream of M. hyo. Additionally, the following treatments successfully removed PCV2 antibody: 10X UF concentrated & centrifuged, 10x centrifuged, 10X centrifuged & warmed, and Cell-free supernatant (Protein-A treated). With respect to TTV, the following treatments successfully removed g1TTV: 10X UF concentrated & centrifuged, 10x centrifuged & warmed, and Cell-free supernatant (Protein-A treated). Only the treatment designated 10X UF concentrated & centrifuged removed g2TTV. Isolated torque teno viruses, including genotypes 1 and 2 are described in US 20110150913, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Since it is known in the art that Protein A binds to IgG, it is understood by those skilled in the art that not only the PCV2 antibody, but other swine antibodies, including PRRS antibody, HPS antibody, and SIV antibody will be effectively removed by treatment with Protein-A. This makes the cell-free Protein-A-treated M. hyo supernatant of the present invention compatible not only with PCV2 antigen, but also with other swine antigens because of the lack of immunological interference between the antigens. Additionally, removal of non-protective cell debris and removal of immunoglobulin and antigen/immunoglobulin complexes is reasonably expected to make a vaccine safer.Example 4: Preparation of experimental M. hyo vaccine formulations
All experimental M. hyo vaccines were formulated with a final concentration of 5% Amphigen adjuvant. Additionally, all vaccines were standardized with the p46 ELISA and preserved with thimerosol. Experimental vaccine formulations were prepared with M. hyo antigens processed according to treatments T02-T10 above. Additionally, Treatment T01 corresponds to a placebo (in M. hyo antigen, only 5% Amphigen adjuvant) while Treatment T11 is a positive control that corresponds to an expired bacterial-based M. hyo vaccine (RespiSure - ONE®, Pfizer Animal Health). Said formulations are described in Table 4 below. Table 4 Experimental M. hyo vaccine formulations
Research Veterinary Product (IVP) SerialExample 5: Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of M. hyo vaccines with M. hyo antigens from different downstream processes
[0164] The above study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M hyo) vaccines with M. hyo antigens from different downstream processes (DSP). 3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 4 above. Sixteen animals were included in each of the treatment groups. Animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with a virulent M. hyo isolated in the field. Animals were necropsied 28 days after challenge and lungs were removed and scored for consolidation consistent with M. hyo infection. The main criterion for protection against M. hyo challenge was lung consolidation scores. It is generally accepted that there is a relationship between the size of lung lesions caused by enzootic pneumonia and an adverse effect on the coefficient of development. Table 5 below contains the lung injury scores for the respective treatment groups. Statistical significance was determined by Mixed Model Analysis of the lung scores for each group.


[0165] Referring to table 5 above, results with M. hyo antigens from different downstream processes indicated that all experimental vaccines, except for T04, differed significantly from placebo. The referred M. hyo lesion results are illustrated by means of the graphs in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, T04 provided unacceptable results. All other treatments differed significantly from placebo (T01). Lung consolidation scores indicated that T02, T03, and T09-T11 provided the most effective protection against M. hyo challenge
[0166] The relative potency of p46 of the experimental vaccines was assessed using a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA). The DAS ELISA results for p46 shown in Table 5 above indicate that all experimental vaccines exceeded target potency. Additionally, the relative potency of p46 was either maintained or increased during storage of the vaccines for a period of one month (data not shown). A perceived increase in potency over time was observed in centrifuged antigens in excess of the heat-subjected antigens. While this is not intended to be bound by any theory, it is likely that the “carcasses” of the cells are breaking down over time and have released more of the membrane-bound p46 antigen for centrifuged antigens.Example 6: Assessing Compatibility of Cells experimental M. hyo vaccines with PCV2 antigen
[0167] The present study was conducted to assess the compatibility of experimental M. hyo vaccines with M. hyo antigens from different downstream processes with PCV2 antigen. Experimental M. hyo vaccine formulations are described in Tables 4 and 5 above. The relative potencies of p46 observed for said vaccines are described in Table 5 above. Said experimental M. hyo vaccines were each combined with the PCV2 antigen. In said example, the PCV2 antigen was a PCV Type 1-Type 2 chimeric virus (Fostera PCV) prepared as described above in Example 2. The chimeric virus was included in the compositions at an initial level of about 1.6 < RP, in that RP is the unit of Relative Potency determined by PCV2 antigen quantitation ELISA (in vitro potency test) compared to an effective reference vaccine.
[0168] Experimental M. hyo/PCV2 combination formulations were evaluated by PCV2 ELISA. The results are shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, only M. hyo antigen preparations from the following downstream processes were compatible with the PCV2 antigen: Ultrafiltration & Centrifugation (T04 & T05), Centrifugation (T06 & T07), Centrifugation plus heat (T08) and Supernatant treated with Protein A (T10). Of those referred, the supernatant treated with M. hyo Protein A was the most compatible with the PCV2 antigen when compared to the control placebo which included the chimeric virus and Amphigen adjuvant, but no M. hyo antigen. The level of chimeric PVC virus in the Protein A-treated supernatant was 1.5 PR compared to 1.69 PR for placebo. It was therefore concluded that there is no or minimal immunological interference between the soluble M. hyo antigen preparation treated with protein A and the chimeric virus PCV2 antigen.
[0169] The in vivo efficacy of the Protein A-treated M. hyo Supernatant demonstrated in Example 5 above together with the results described in the present example indicated that the Protein A-treated supernatant was a potentially effective platform for the M combinations. hyo-PCV2.Example 7: Evaluation of PCV2 Efficacy of Combination Vaccine in PCV2/M 1-Bottle. hyo in different adjuvant formulations
[0170] The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of PCV2 in a combination vaccine in 1-vial of PCV2/M. hyo in different adjuvant formulations. In said example, the PCV2 antigen was a PCV Type 1-Type 2 chimeric virus (Fostera PCV). The chimeric virus was combined with a soluble M. hyo antigen preparation that was substantially free of IgG (i.e., Supernatant treated with Protein A). Fluid processing:
[0171] Inactivated M. hyo fluid fermentation (described above in Example 1) was treated for each group indicated as follows.
[0172] T02-T04: Total fermentation fluid containing live M. hyopneumoniae cells (described above) was centrifuged at ~20,000 xg (Sorvall RC5B) and the supernatant collected and sterilized through a 0.2 filter µM rProtein A Sepharose (part number 17-5199-03, GE Healthcare) was packed in a 1L chromatography column. After removal of storage buffer and treatment with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid, the resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaPO4/1M NaCl buffer, pH 7.04. Approximately 2 liters of the clarified/filtered M. hyopneumoniae antigen containing fluids was passed through the protein A resin at a flow coefficient of 100 cm/hr. The flow through was collected and sterilized using a 0.2 µM filter.
[0173] T05: This is a positive control that corresponds to the similar formulation to Fostera PCV- (no M. hyo antigen). The level of the chimeric virus in said formulation similar to Fostera PCV was approximately at the minimum immunization dose (MID) formulation levels. The chimeric virus was included in PCV2/M Experimental Vaccines. hyo at similar levels of formulation.
[0174] All experimental PCV2/M. hyo were formulated with different adjuvant formulations. Experimental vaccine formulations were prepared with M. hyo antigens processed according to treatments T02-T04 above. Additionally, Treatment T01 corresponded to a placebo (sterile saline).
[0175] All vaccines were standardized with the p46 ELISA and preserved with thimerosol.
[0176] Said experimental formulations are described in Table 6 below, where the symbol * indicates the M. hyo antigen from global M. hyo seed, Supernatant treated with Protein A and the symbol ** indicates Veterinary Product in Serial investigation (IVP).Table 6 Experimental PCV2/M vaccine formulations. hyo used for PCV2 efficacy study

[0177] 3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 6 above. Sixteen animals were included in each of the treatment groups. Animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with a virulent PCV2 isolated in the field.
[0178] Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of PCV2 viremia (PCV2 Quantitative PCR) observed with the different adjuvant platforms. It is noted that PCV2 viremia was used as the main efficacy variable. PCV2 viremia results are presented as DNA copies/ml. As shown in Figure 3, all treatments had significantly less viremia compared to placebo on days 28, 35 and 42 (challenge was day 21). The 10% SP oil adjuvant had significantly less viremia compared to 5% Amphigen on days 28 and 35. The 5% Amphigen plus 5% SLCD adjuvant had significantly less viremia compared to the 5% Amphigen on days 28 and 35. The 20% SLCD adjuvant platform had significantly less viremia compared to 5% Amphigen on days 28, 35 and 42.
[0179] PCV2 serology, PCV2 fecal discharge, PCV2 nasal discharge, Cell-Mediated Immune Responses (CMI), lymphoid depletion, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were also monitored as the secondary efficacy variables. Said results will now be described below.
[0180] Figure 4 is a graph showing the results of ELISA for PCV2 on days 1, 20 and 42 of the study (challenge was day 21). The status of each sample was expressed as the sample for positive relationship (S/P). As shown in figure 4, 20% of SLCD was only the treatment that was significantly different from placebo (T01) on both day 20 and day 42. Also, 5% of Amphigen was only the treatment not significantly different from of placebo on day 20.
[0181] Figure 5 is a graph showing the fecal discharge of PCV2 obtained with treatments T02-T04 vs. the placebo (T01). Said results are expressed as PCV2/ml DNA copies. The results in Figure 5 indicate that all treatments had significantly less faecal discharge compared to placebo on day 42. Additionally, 5% Amphigen & 5% SLCD (T04) had significantly less faecal discharge compared to 5% Amphigen ( T03) on day 42. In the other treatment differences were noted.
[0182] Figure 6 is a graph showing the nasal discharge of PCV2 obtained with treatments T02-T04 vs. the placebo (T01). Said results are expressed as PCV2/ml DNA copies. The results in Figure 6 indicate that all treatments had significantly less nasal discharge when compared to placebo on day 42. Additionally, 20% SLCD (T05) had significantly less nasal discharge compared to 5% Amphigen (T03) on day 42. In the other treatment differences were observed.
[0183] Figure 7 (A & B) are two graphs showing the results of an interferon-gamma (IFN-Y) test that measures PCV2-specific cellular mediated immune responses. MIC results are shown post-vaccination/pre-challenge (figure 7A), and post-vaccination/post-challenge (figure 7B). In these graphs, the stimulation of 5 x 106 cells was considered significant (...). All PCV2/M experimental vaccines. hyo gave a detectable post-vaccination IFN-Y response. The 10% SP oil (T02) guided the strongest post-vaccination IFN-Y response. The 20% SLCD (T05) induced an earlier response, but the lowest response at day 20. There was a large post-challenge response, especially seen in the placebo group. Additionally, the post-challenge response was lower in the vaccinated pig treatment groups compared to the placebo group.
[0184] Table 7 below shows the lymphoid depletion obtained with experimental treatments contrasted with placebo.
The results presented in Table 7 above show that all vaccines provided strong protection against lymphoid depletion. Also, no statistically significant contrast to vaccine treatment was observed.
[0185] Table 8 below shows the immunohistochemistry obtained with experimental treatments contrasted with placebo.

[0186] The results presented in Table 8 above show that all vaccines provided strong protection against PCV2 colonization as evidenced by immunohistochemistry. Also, no statistically significant contrast to vaccine treatment was observed.
[0187] In conclusion, the results presented in that example demonstrate that the soluble M. hyo antigen preparation does not interfere with the efficacy of PCV2. The results also show that all experimental PCV/M vaccine formulations. hyo provide efficacy against PCV2 challenge. Additionally, the results indicate that there is some statistical and numerical difference obtained with the different adjuvant formulations, with 10% SP oil producing the strongest efficacy. of PCV2/M. hyo em with Different adjuvant formulations
[0188] The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of M. hyo of a vaccine combination in 1 vial of PCV2/M. hyo with different adjuvant formulations. The M. hyo antigen was combined with Porcine Circovirus (Type 1-Type 2 chimeric, or PCV1-2, terminated virus) in a vial. Fluid Processing:
[0189] Inactivated M. hyo fluid fermentation (described above in Example 1) was treated for each group indicated as follows.
[0190] T02-T04: Said treatments were the same as those described for treatment groups T02-T04 in Example 7 above.
[0191] T05: the above was formulated with inactivated M. hyo cells (M. hyo bacterin) as described in Example 1 above under the heading of "Fermentation and Inactivation".
[0192] All experimental PCV2/M. hyo were formulated with different adjuvant formulations. Experimental vaccine formulations were prepared with M. hyo antigens processed according to treatments T02-T04. Additionally, Treatment T01 corresponded to a placebo (sterile saline). Treatment T05 is a positive control that corresponds to an expired Vavine RespiSure®, which is a bacterial-based vaccine from M. hyo (Pfizer Animal Health).
[0193] Said experimental formulations are described in Table 9 below, where the symbol * indicates the M. hyo antigen from global M. hyo seed, Supernatant treated with Protein A and the symbol ** indicates Veterinary Product in Serial investigation (IVP).Table 9 Experimental formulations of PCV2/M vaccine. hyo used Study of the efficacy of M. hyo in different adjuvant formulations

[0194] 3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 9 above. Fourteen animals were included in both the placebo and 10% SP oil groups, thirteen animals were included in the positive control group, and sixteen animals were included in both the 5% Amphigen and 5% Amphigen + 5% groups of SLCD.
[0195] The animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with the viral M. hyo isolated in the field. Animals were necropsied 28 days after challenge and lungs were removed and scored for consolidation consistent with M. hyo infection. Table 10 below contains the lung injury scores for the respective treatment groups. Statistical significance was determined by Mixed Model Analysis of the lung scores for each group.

[0196] As indicated in Table 10 above, the placebo group had a mean lung injury score of 13.1%, compared to 10% SP oil and 5% Amphigen in the treatment groups that had scores lung averages of 4.3% and 4.7%, respectively. Both the 10% SP oil and 5% Amphigen formulations reduced and/or prevented lung damage. Thus, the experimental vaccines PCV/M. hyo formulated with 10% SP oil or 5% Amphigen were found to be effective. The PCV2 antigen did not appear to interfere with the M. hyo efficacy of these formulations.
[0197] In contrast, the 5% Amphigen + 5% SLCD group had a mean lung injury score of 12.0%. Which was an unacceptable result in the sense that it was no different compared to placebo. Consequently, the experimental PCV/M. hyo formulated with 5% Amphigen + 5% SLCD was not found to be as effective.
[0198] It is noted that because of the small number of animals and the high variability in lung injury score, no statistical treatment effect can be conclusively demonstrated in that study. For this reason, it was decided that another study would be designed to test the efficacy of M. hyo of experimental PCV/M formulations. hyo in 10% SP oil. This repeat study is presented in Example 9 below.Example 9: Evaluation of M. hyo Efficacy of Vaccine Combination in 1 vial of PCV2/M. hyo in 10% SP oil
[0199] The present study is a proof of concept designed to assess the efficacy of the M. hyo fraction of four experimental PCV2/M vaccines. hyo (Serials L0711RK11, L0711RK12, L0711RK13 and L0711RK14 in Table 11 below) prepared by different M. hyo manufacturing processes that utilize Protein A for IgG removal compared to control vaccines prepared with the standard M. hyo manufacturing process. Each of said four experimental PCV2/M vaccines. hyo included 10% SP oil as the adjuvant. Fluid Processing:
[0200] T02: M. hyopneumoniae antigen inactivated as described under "Fermentation and Inactivation" in Example 1 above.
[0201] T03 and T04: Formulated with inactivated M. hyopneumoniae cells as described under "Fermentation and Inactivation" in Example 1 above.
[0202] T05: Protein A treatment of medium used to develop M. hyopneumoniae. PPLO (derived from porcine heart) was produced according to the manufacturer's directions (ie 21g/L) and yeast extract solution was produced at 21g/L in USP. Yeast extract solution was added to PPLO at 6.25% and the mixture was sterilized by heating at 121°C for > 30 minutes. Cysteine hydrochloride was prepared at 90g/L and filter sterilized. Dextrose solution was produced by adding 450 g of dextrose per liter of USP water followed by heat sterilization. To prepare the final medium, porcine serum was added to 10% base medium followed by 0.01% cysteine and 1.0% dextrose. Antibodies in complete PPLO medium were removed by treatment with protein A. Briefly, one liter of rProtein A Sepharose (part number 17-5199-03 GE Healthcare) was packed in a glass column (10 X 11.5 cm) . After removal of the storage buffer, the column was treated with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid. The resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaPO4, 1M NaCl buffer (pH 7.0). Fifteen liters of complete PPLO medium was loaded into the resin at a linear flow coefficient of 140 cm/hour. A column flow was collected and sterilized by filtration through a 0.2 micron filter (Sartorius). The treated medium was used to propagate M. hyopneumoniae cells as described under "Fermentation and Inactivation" above. The inactivated whole culture (including cells) was formulated into the final vaccine.
[0203] T06: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae cells were prepared as described under "Fermentation and Inactivation" in Example 1 above. The inactivated fermentation fluid was centrifuged at ~20,000 xg (Sorvall RC5B) for 30 min. and the supernatant was sterilized by means of 0.2 µM filtration. One hundred fifteen mls of rProtein A resin (part number 12-1279-04, MAbSelect, GE Healthcare) was packed into a chromatography column (5 x 6 cm). After removal of storage buffer and treatment with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid, the resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaPO4/1M NaCl buffer, pH 7.01. Approximately 1.2 liters of the clarified/filtered M. hyopneumoniae antigen containing fluids were passed through the resin at a flow coefficient of 120 cm/hr. The flow through was collected and sterilized by means of a 0.2 µM filter.
[0204] T07: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae cells were prepared as described in "Fermentation and Inactivation" in Example 1 above. The inactivated fermentation fluid was clarified by tangential flow filtration. In summary, a polyether sulfone filter (GE HealthCare, part number 56-4102-71) with a nominal pore size of 0.2 µM was sanitized with 0.5N sodium hydroxide solution followed by extensive rinsing with sterile USP water. Inactivated mycoplasma culture fluid was introduced to the device at a directed recirculation coefficient of 14.6L/minute and a transmembrane pressure of 2-34 PSI. Clarification was carried out at room temperature. Filter permeate was collected and stored at 28C until further processing. One hundred and fifteen mls of rProtein A resin (part number 12-1279-04, MAbSelect, GE Healthcare) was packed into a chromatography column (5 x 6 cm). After removal of storage buffer and treatment with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid, the resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaPO4/1M NaCl buffer, pH 7.01. Approximately 2.3 liters of clarified/filtered M. hyopneumoniae antigen containing fluids was passed through a resin at a flow coefficient of 120 cm/hr. The flow through was collected and sterilized using a 0.2 µM filter.
[0205] T08: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae cells were prepared as described in “Fermentation and Inactivation” above. The inactivated fermentation fluid was centrifuged at ~20,000 xg (Sorvall RC5B) for 30 min. and the supernatant was sterilized via 0.2 µM filtration. One hundred and fifteen mls of rProtein A Sepharose (part number 17-5199-03 GE Healthcare) was packed into a chromatography column (5 x 6 cm). After removal of storage buffer and treatment with 2 column volumes of 1M acetic acid, the resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM NaPO4/1M NaCl buffer, pH 7.01. Approximately 1.2 liters of the clarified/filtered M. hyopneumoniae antigen containing fluids was passed through the resin at a flow coefficient of 120 cm/hr. The flow through was collected and sterilized using a 0.2 µM filter.
[0206] Experimental vaccine formulations were prepared with M. hyo antigens processed according to treatments T02-T08 above. T02, T03 and T04 correspond to the positive controls. Additionally, Treatment T01 corresponds to a placebo (sterile saline).
[0207] Said experimental formulations are described in Table 11 below. The M. hyo antigen corresponds to the M. hyo antigen from the M. hyo global seed, supernatant treated with Protein A. The information in the column "Treatment with protein A" indicates whether the supernatant from M. hyo was treated with Protein A either before or after fermentation.Table 11 Experimental PCV2/M vaccine formulations. hyo used to study the efficacy of M. hyo in oil SP_ Adjuvant

[0208] 3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 11 above. There were 18 pigs included in each treatment group.
[0209] The animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with the viral M. hyo isolated in the field. Animals were necropsied 28 days after challenge and lungs were removed and scored for consolidation consistent with M. hyo infection. Figure 8 (A & B) show the lung injury scores for the respective treatment groups. Statistical significance was determined by Mixed Model Analysis of the lung scores for each group.
[0210] The lung injury results illustrated in Figures 8A and 8B indicate that of all treatments, only two (T07 and T08) had 100% pigs in the <5% lung injury category. It is observed that a strong statistical difference was observed in that study.
[0211] The results in the present example demonstrate a significant efficacy of M. hyo in the experimental formulation in 1 vial of PCV2/M. hyo which employs the M. hyo supernatant treated with protein A and using SP oil as the adjuvant. Additionally, Example 7 above demonstrated the effectiveness of PCV2 in a 1 vial formulation of PCV2/M. hyo employing the M. hyo supernatant treated with protein A and using SP oil as the adjuvant. Together, both the efficacy of M. hyo and PCV2 were demonstrated in the 1 vial PCV2/M combination. hyo employing the M. hyo supernatant treated with protein A.Example 10: In vivo safety of PCV2/M experimental vaccines. hyo
[0212] The present study was conducted to assess the in vivo safety of experimental PCV2-M vaccines. hyo formulated at maximum antigen dose in various adjuvant formulations in the animal host when given at very young age (3 weeks of age). Different adjuvant platforms were evaluated in order to determine which of these platforms provide an acceptable safety profile based on temperature, injection field reactions and clinical observations. The 20% SLCD/10% SP oil formulation was used as the positive (“unsafe”) control because of the historical items with injection field reactions observed by the aforementioned investigative group and others. Fluid Processing:
[0213] All vaccines were prepared with inactivated M. hyopneumoniae antigen as described in “Fermentation and Inactivation” in Example 1. Bulk M. hyo antigen was used as it was known to contain soluble and insoluble antigen. M. hyos, in addition to immunoglobulins and immune complexes that would be removed with protein A treatment. It is reasonable to conclude that removal of insoluble cell debris and immunoglobulins and immune complexes will only further enhance the safety of vaccine formulations. The intent of the present study was to rigorously test the safety of various adjuvant formulations containing PCV2 antigen and M. hyo antigen. The PCV2 and M. hyo antigens were formulated at maximum release levels to further assess safety. Said experimental formulations are described in Table 12 below. IVP indicates Investigative Veterinary Product (IVP).Table 12 Experimental PCV2/M vaccine formulations. hyo used for safety study
M hyo antigen = from global M. hyo seed (total antigen volume).
[0214] The safety parameters used in this study were the rectal temperature profile and the injection field reaction. The results of the present study indicated that all candidate adjuvant platforms provided an acceptable safety profile in terms of rectal temperature profile and clinical observations (results not shown). Only the 20% SLCD + 10% SP oil (ie, positive control) was significantly different than the placebo vaccine and had a severe field reaction number of injections (results not shown).Example 11: Preparation of Protein A-treated M. hyo antigen for pivotal studies
[0215] Figure 9 is a flow chart showing one embodiment of a manufacturing process used to prepare M. hyo Antigen treated with PCV2-compatible protein a. Inactivated whole cultures of M. hyo were cleared from cells by tangential flow filtration. In summary, a sulphone polyether filter (GE Healthcare, part number 56-4102-49) with a nominal pore size of 0.45 µM was sanitized with 0.5N sodium hydroxide solution followed by extensive rinsing with sterile USP water. Inactivated mycoplasma culture fluid was introduced into the apparatus at a targeted recirculation coefficient of 11.0 L/minute and a transmembrane pressure of ~5 PSI. Clarification was carried out at room temperature. Filter permeate was collected and stored at 2-8°C until further processing.
[0216] Following clarification, fluid-containing antigen was treated with protein A resin to reduce antibody levels. In summary, MAbSelect protein A resin (GE Healthcare) was packed in a glass column at a height of 12 cm. The resin was equilibrated with 5 column volumes of 50 mM sodium phosphate, 250 mM NaCl buffer (pH 7.0). Fluid-containing antigen, equivalent to 10 column volumes, was loaded into the resin at a linear flow coefficient of 100 cm/hour. Column flow was collected and sterilized by filtration through a 0.2 micron filter. Column regeneration was achieved by flowing in 3 column volumes of 25 mM acetate solution at pH 3.7 followed by 4 column volumes of 1M acetic acid solution. Anti-PCV2 antibodies and M. hyopneumoniae antigen levels were measured in the final antigen fluid by means of PCV2 specific ELISA antibody and p46 antigen quantification ELISA, respectively.Example 12: Evaluation of virucidal activity against PRRS viruses
[0217] The studies presented in that example were designed to evaluate the various adjuvant platforms for virucidal activity against PRRS viruses. Initial experiments focused on adjuvant alone (ie, the formulations do not contain PCV or M. hyos antigen). The evolution of the adjuvant for PRRS virucidal activity is shown in Figure 10. The preliminary virucidal evaluation indicated that 10% SP oil, 0.2% Carbopol and 2.5% Amphigen are not virucidal for PRRS virus . In contrast, the 20% SLCD adjuvant appeared to be virucidal to PRRS virus.
[0218] Additional studies were performed to assess whether PCV/M. hyo with adjuvant with the different adjuvant platforms were not virucidal to PRRS virus. Said results are shown in Table 13 below, where the symbol * indicates the serial vaccines that were virucidated to the PRRS virus.

Indicates Virucidal (>0.7 log loss)A - Virucidal test GMT control ~5.53 log/mL - Virucidal test GMT control ~6.42 log/mL
[0219] The results presented in Table 13 above indicate that 10% SP oil is non-virucidal to PRRS virus. Additionally the PCV/M vaccine serials. hyo were prepared using 10% SP oil as the adjuvant (Table 14). The results shown in Table 14 below further demonstrate that 10% SP oil is non-virucidal to PRRS virus. The test sample values in Table 14 were each higher (+ sign) than the virucidal test control, which had a geometric mean titer (GMT) of about 5.9 ± 0.5 log/mL .Table 14 Virucidal Test Results with Different PCV/M formulations. hyocom Adjuvant with 10% SP oil
Virucidal test GMT control ~ 5.9 + 0.5 log/mL
[0220] The results presented in that example demonstrate that 10% of SP oil is non-virucidal to PRRS virus. The results presented in said example further demonstrate that the PCV/M. hyo with 10% SP oil adjuvant was among the vaccine serials that were considered non-virucidal to PRRS virus (Table 13 and Table 14). In conclusion, the formulation of PCV/M. hyo with 10% SP oil adjuvant was found to be an effective platform on which to base a trivalent including PCV, M. hyo, and PRRS virus.Example 13: Preparation of a PCV/combination vaccine M. hyo/PRRS
[0221] The formulation of PCV/M. hyo adjuvant with an adjuvant platform that is non-virucidal to PRRS virus (see table 13 and table 14 above), is provided as a liquid composition in a ready-to-use vial. Said formulation in 1 vial of PCV/M. hyo employs the supernatant of M. hyo treated with protein A. The efficacy of both M. hyo and PCV2 has been demonstrated in said PCV2/M formulations. hyo which employ the M. hyo supernatant treated with Protein A (see Examples 7-9). In the present example, said divalent formulation of PCV2/M. hyo is combined with a monovalent PRRS virus antigen.
[0222] In one modality, the combination of PCV/M. Hyo in 10% SP oil and which corresponds to one of the serial vaccines L0711RK11, L0711RK12, L0711RK13 and L0711RK14 in Table 11 above is provided as a liquid composition in a ready-to-use vial. The results presented in Example 12 above demonstrate that 10% SP oil is non-virucidal to PRRS virus. Example 12 also demonstrates that PCV2/M. hyo with 10% SP oil adjuvant were among the serial vaccines that were considered non-virucidal to PRRS virus. In the present Example, said liquid composition in 1 vial of PCV2/M. hyo is used to rehydrate the genetically modified lyophilized PRRS live virus composition contained in a second vial so that all antigens are contained in a single vial before being administered to a pig of a suitable age (eg 3 weeks of age or older).
[0223] In one embodiment, the PRRS virus has a genomic sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the PRRS virus employed in the trivalent composition is the isolated PRRS virus designated ISU-55, which has been deposited with the ATCC under accession number VR 2430. Suitable amounts of the respective antigens are described herein. Desirably, all antigens are administered in a single dose to the pig.Example 14: Evaluation of PCV2 Efficacy of PCV2/M Combination Vaccine. hyo/PRRS followed by a PCV2 challenge
[0224] The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the chimeric PCV1-2 virus quenched fraction of an experimental PCV2/M combination vaccine. hyo/PPRS, administered intramuscularly once to 3 week old pigs and challenged with a virulent PCV2 isolate three weeks post vaccination. Said trivalent vaccines included Porcine Circovirus Type 1- Chimeric Type 2, Terminated Virus, Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Vaccine, Respiratory Form, Modified Live Virus, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterial extract.
[0225] Said trivalent combination was prepared by rehydrating the lyophilized PRRS genetically modified live virus (PRRS-MLV) with a liquid formulation in a vial including the combination of chimeric Type1-Type 2 swine circovirus, terminated virus and M. hyo bacterial extract (PCV2/M. hyo), which is adjuvanted using 10% SP oil (see Example 13 above). Experimental formulations administered over the course of the present study are described in Table 15 below. Table 15 Experimental formulations of PCV2/M vaccine. hyo/PRRS used for the PCV2 efficacy study

IVP = Veterinary product under investigation CP = Control product IM = Intramuscularly EM = Intranasal1 % = PCV2 antigen, RU/mL = M hyo antigen, log10 TCID50 = PRRSV antigen
[0226] 3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 15 above. Twenty-four animals were included in each of the treatment groups. Animals were challenged 21 days after vaccination with an isolated virulent PCV2.
[0227] The results of PCV2 viremia (PCV Quantitative PCR) observed in the present study are shown in Figure 11. It is noted that PCV2 viremia was used as the main efficacy variable. PCV2 viremia results are presented as DNA copies/ml. As shown in Figure 11, all treatments had significantly less viremia (P < 0.001) compared to placebo on days 28, 35, and 42 (challenge was day 21).
[0228] PCV2 serology, PCV2 fecal discharge, lymphoid depletion, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were also monitored as the secondary efficacy variables in the present study. Said results are described below.
[0229] The PCV2 serology results are shown in Figure 12, which shows the results of the PCV2 ELISA on days -1, 7, 13, 20, 28, 35 and 42 of the study (the challenge was on day 21 ). The status of each sample was expressed as the ratio of sample to positive (S/P). These results show that compared to the placebo group, both treatment groups had significantly higher post-challenge PCV2 antibody titers (P < 0.0345)
[0230] PCV2 fecal discharge obtained with treatments T02 and T03 vs. the pla-cebo (T01) is shown in figure 13. Said results are expressed as DNA copies of PCV2/ml. The results in Figure 13 indicate that both treatments T02 and T03 had significantly less fecal discharge (P < .0001) when compared to placebo on days 35 and 42.
[0231] Table 16 below shows the significant protection against lymphoid depletion obtained with experimental treatment (T02) contrasted with placebo.Table 16 PCV2 Histopathology (Lymphoid depletion)

[0232] The results presented in Table 17 below show the significant protection against Histiocytic Replacement obtained with experimental treatment (T02) contrasted with placebo.Table 17 PCV2 Histopathology (Histiocytic Replacement)

[0233] Table 18 below shows the immunohistochemistry obtained with experimental treatments contrasted with placebo. Both vaccines (T02 and T03) showed significant protection (P < 0.0059) against PCV2 antigen colonization in lymphoid tissues.

[0234] In conclusion, the results presented in that example demonstrate that the experimental vaccines used in the present study provided efficacy against a challenge with PCV2. Both vaccine potency levels provided significant protection against the primary variable as well as PCV2 colonization. However, the T02 group also provided significant protection against PCV2 lesions (lymphoid depletion and histiocytic replacement).Example 15: Evaluation of M. hyo Efficacy of PCV2/M Combination Vaccine. hyo/PRRS followed by challenge from M. hyo
[0235] The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of the M. hyo fraction of an experimental PCV2/M combination vaccine. hyo/PPRS, administered intramuscularly in susceptible 3-week-old pigs challenged with a virulent Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolated three weeks post-vaccination. Said trivalent vaccines included Porcine Circovirus Type 1- Chimeric Type 2, Terminated Virus, Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Vaccine, Respiratory Form, Modified Live Virus, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterial extract.Fluid processing:
[0236] Inactivated, clarified M. hyo fermentation fluid (described above in Example 11) was used for each of the treatment groups as follows.
[0237] T01: A negative control treatment consisting of PCV1-2 vaccine without the M. hyopneumoniae antigen that was used as a diluent in the lyophilized live modified PRRSV vaccine.
[0238] T02: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae antigen was combined with Porcine Circovirus (Type 1-Type 2 chimeric, or PCV1-2, terminated virus) in a vial. The combination of PCV1-2/ M. hyo was used as the diluent in a live lyophilized modified PRRSV vaccine.
[0239] T03: Inactivated M. hyopneumoniae antigen as described above in Example 11 with an additional step to concentrate the 20X antigen by molecular filtering was combined with Porcine Circovirus (Type 1-Type 2 chimeric, or PCV1-2, terminated virus) in a bottle. The combination of PCV1-2/ M. hyo was used as the diluent in a live lyophilized modified PRRSV vaccine.
[0240] Said experimental formulations are described in Table 19 below. In Table 19, CP is the control product and IVP is Veterinary product under investigation. The M. hyo antigen corresponds to the M. hyo antigen from the M. hyo global seed, Protein A-treated supernatant. Table 19 Experimental PCV2/M vaccine formulations. hyo/PRRS used for the efficacy study of M. hyo

[0241] 3-week-old pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a single dose of the different vaccine formulations described in Table 19 above. The animals were challenged 20 days after vaccination with a virulent M. hyo isolated in the field. Twenty-five animals completed the study in group T01 and T03, and 24 completed the study in group T02. Animals were necropsied 28 days after challenge and lungs were removed and scored for consolidation consistent with M. hyo infection. Table 20 below contains the lung injury scores for the respective treatment groups. Statistical significance was determined by Mixed Model Analysis of the lung scores for each group.Table 20 M. hyo Lung Lesions

[0242] Compared to the negative control group (T01), the treatment group T03 demonstrated a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the percentage of injured lung compared to T01. The percentage of lung lesions for T02 was not significantly different from either T01 or T03.
[0243] The results in the present Example demonstrate that a trivalent experimental vaccine formulation (T03 treatment) used in the present study provided significant efficacy against M. hyo challenge.
[0244] Example 16: Evaluation of PRRSV efficacy of a vacian and PCV/M combination. hyo/PRRS
[0245] The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of the PRRSV fraction of an experimental PCV2/M combination vaccine. hyo/PPRS. Study Summary:
[0246] On day 0, approximately 102 clinically healthy pigs, three weeks of age, PRRSV, SIV and M. hyopneumoniae seronegative and free from PCV viremia by PCR, are selected and allocated (blocked per litter) to one of the four treatment groups (24 per group) or one sentinel group (NTX) (6). Pigs are given a single 2 mL intramuscular (IM) dose of an experimental chimeric Porcine Circovirus Type 1 - Type 2, terminated virus vaccine - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterial extract (T01), or a Porcine Circovirus Type 1 - 2 experimental chimeric - Respiratory and reproductive syndrome vaccine, Respiratory form, Modified and terminated live virus - bacterial extract of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (T02, T03 and T04). The animals in the NTX group are housed in a separate location from the treatment groups during the vaccination phase of the study. Four weeks after vaccination, NTX pigs are euthanized and necropsied, prior to relocation to the treatment groups, to confirm the absence of PRRSV lesions in the lung. All treated pigs are challenged with a virulent challenge strain of PRRSV (NADC20). All remaining pigs are euthanized and necropsied ten (10) days after challenge. At necropsy, the consolidation percentage for each lobe of the lung (left cranial, left middle, left caudal, right cranial, right middle, right caudal, and accessory) is scored and recorded as the percentage of the observed lobe with lesions. . Pigs T01 negative PRRSV status is tested (IDEXX ELISA) prior to challenge. Clinical observations are recorded once daily for the duration of the study and body weights are obtained before challenge and at necropsy.
[0247] Experimental formulations are described below and in Table 21. The M. hyo antigen control lot is prepared as described in Example 11 above. The PCV2 antigen is a cPCV1-2 terminated antigen prepared as described in Example 2 above. Prior to chimeric virus inactivation, the PCV2 antigen pool was concentrated 20X and the concentrates were washed with a balanced salt solution. The formulation in a vial of PCV/M. hyo (adjuvanted in 10% SP oil) is used to rehydrate lyophilized live modified PRRSV.
[0248] T01: Experimental preparation of high passage Porcine Circovirus Type 1 - Chimeric Type 2, terminated virus (1.65% batch of 20X concentrated antigen) and bacterial extract of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Dose-9.0 RP; 153 RU/mL) . Preparation T01 corresponds to serial number L0912RK12 (PCV/M. hyo) and is a negative control (no PRRSV antigen).
[0249] T02: Experimental preparation of high passage Swine Circovirus Vaccine Type 1 - Chimeric Type 2, terminated virus (1.65% batch of 20X concentrated antigen) and bacterial extract of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Dose - 9.0 RP; 153 RU/ml ) and High Pass Experimental Preparation of Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine, Respiratory Form, Modified Live Virus (MID (< 2.5 logs) T02 preparation corresponds to serial number L0912RK12 (PCV/M. hyo) + ( PPRS MLV at MID < 2.5 logs).
[0250] T03: Experimental preparation of high passage Swine Circovirus Vaccine Type 1 - Chimeric Type 2, terminated virus (1.65% of 20X concentrated antigen batch) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterial extract (Dose - 9.0 RP; 153 RU/ml ) and Experimental High Passage Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine Preparation Respiratory Form, Modified Live Virus (MID (< 3.0 logs) Preparation T03 corresponds to serial number L0912RK12 (PCV/M. hyo) + ( PPRS MLV at MID < 3.0 logs).
[0251] T04: Experimental preparation of high passage Swine Circovirus Vaccine Type 1 - Chimeric Type 2, terminated virus (1.65% batch of 20X concentrated antigen) and bacterial extract of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Dose - 9.0 RP; 153 RU/ml ) and High Pass Experimental Preparation of Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine Respiratory Form, Modified Live Virus (MID (< 3.5 logs) Preparation T04 corresponds to serial number L0912RK12 (PCV/M. hyo) + (PPRS MLV) at MID < 3.5 logs).
[0252] Said experimental formulations are described in Table 21 below. M. hyo antigen corresponds to M. hyo antigen from M. hyo global seed, Protein A-treated supernatant. Serial numbers for PRRSV preparations are yet to be determined (TBD).Table 21 Study setup

Control product (PC) = Chimeric Porcine Circovirus Type 1-2 (PCV2), Vaccine Terminated Virus- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M hyo) bacterial extract without Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine fraction; with Adjuvant with 10% oil SP IM = Intramuscular NA = Not Applicable

权利要求:
Claims (18)
[0001]
1. Trivalent immunogenic composition CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises a soluble portion of a total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo); a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen; and a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS) antigen, wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation comprises soluble protein antigens specific for M. hyo and is separated from insoluble cellular material and substantially free of both IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes.
[0002]
2. Composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation was treated with protein A or protein G before being added to the immunogenic composition.
[0003]
3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the PRRS virus antigen is a genetically modified live virus.
[0004]
4. Composition according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation was treated with protein A before being added to the immunogenic composition.
[0005]
5. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the PCV2 antigen is in the form of a chimeric type 1-type 2 circovirus, wherein said chimeric virus comprises a circovirus inactivated recombinant type 1 swine that expresses the ORF2 protein of the type 2 swine circovirus.
[0006]
6. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the PCV2 antigen is in the form of a recombinant ORF2 protein.
[0007]
7. Composition according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the recombinant ORF2 protein is expressed from a Baculovirus vector.
[0008]
8. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the composition further comprises an adjuvant.
[0009]
9. Composition according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of an oil-in-water adjuvant, a polymer and water adjuvant, a water-in-oil adjuvant, an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant , a vitamin E adjuvant and combinations thereof.
[0010]
10. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the composition induces a protective immune response against M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS, in which the composition is formulated to be administered in one dose only.
[0011]
11. Use of a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is for the manufacture of a medicine to immunize a swine against M. hyo viruses, PCV2 and PRRS.
[0012]
12. Use, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the drug is formulated to be administered in a single dose.
[0013]
13. Use according to claim 11 or 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the drug is formulated to be administered in pigs that have maternally derived antibodies against at least one of an M. hyo virus, PCV2 and PRRS.
[0014]
14. Use, according to any one of claims 11 to 13, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the drug is formulated to be administered in pigs 3 weeks of age or older.
[0015]
15. Vaccine composition CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises an immunogenic composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0016]
16. Vaccine composition, according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is for use in the protection of pigs against enzootic pneumonia, Post-weaning Multisystemic Cachexia Syndrome (PMWS), Disease Associated with a Porcine Circovirus (PCVAD) and Syndrome swine respiratory and reproductive system.
[0017]
17. Kit CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises a vaccine composition or immunogenic composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16, in which a first vial comprises both a PCV2 antigen and the soluble portion of a total cell preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), wherein the soluble portion of the M. hyo preparation comprises M. hyo-specific soluble protein antigens and is separated from the insoluble cellular material and substantially free of both IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immune complexes , and a second vial comprises PRRS virus antigen, and optionally further including an instruction manual with directions for combining the contents of the first vial with the contents of the second vial and for administering the combined contents of the first and second vials to a pig.
[0018]
18. Method for preparing a vaccine composition or immunogenic composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the method comprises: i) cultivating M. hyo in a suitable medium for periods ranging from 18-144 hours; ii) subsequently inactivating the M. hyo culture; iii) collecting the inactivated culture fluid, wherein the inactivated culture fluid comprises a whole cell preparation of M. hyo comprising both a soluble liquid fraction and a insoluble cellular material, wherein the soluble liquid fraction comprises M. hyo specific soluble protein antigens; iv) separating the soluble liquid fraction from the insoluble cellular material; v) substantially removing both IgG and antigen/immunoglobulin immunocomplexes from the separated liquid soluble fraction to form a soluble portion of the total cell preparation of M. hyo; evi) subsequently combining the soluble portion of the total M. hyo cell preparation with a PCV2 antigen and PRRS virus antigen.

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法律状态:
2017-08-29| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: ZOETIS SERVICES LLC (US) |

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2017-09-12| B25G| Requested change of headquarter approved|Owner name: ZOETIS SERVICES LLC (US) |

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2018-01-16| B07D| Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]|

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2018-03-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2018-09-25| B07G| Grant request does not fulfill article 229-c lpi (prior consent of anvisa) [chapter 7.7 patent gazette]|Free format text: NOTIFICACAO DE DEVOLUCAO DO PEDIDO POR NAO SE ENQUADRAR NO ART. 229-C DA LPI. |

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2019-09-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-12| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-11| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/04/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201261620189P| true| 2012-04-04|2012-04-04|

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US61/620.189|2012-04-04|

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PCT/US2013/035091|WO2013152086A1|2012-04-04|2013-04-03|Pcv/mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/prrs combination vaccine|

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